被遺忘的情報機構：抗戰時期的軍令部（1938－1945）

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Title:	被遺忘的情報機構：抗戰時期的軍令部（1938－1945）
Authors:	陳湛;Chen, Chan
Contributors:	歷史研究所
Keywords:	軍令部;軍事委員會;情報;徐永昌;駐外武官;Ministry of Military Orders;Military Council;Information;Yung Chang Hsu;Military attache
Date:	2024-01-25
Issue Date:	2024-09-19 17:23:07 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	本文旨在探討中國抗日戰爭時期軍令部情報工作的作用與影響。過往論者提到軍事委員會的情報機關，往往先想起軍統與中統，卻忽略了掌管軍事情報的主要單位是軍事委員會軍令部。軍令部為國民政府參謀本部與軍事委員會第一部合併而成，是軍事委員會在抗戰時期的主要機構之一。軍事委員會的作戰計畫由軍令部負責策畫，因此軍令部本身的情報蒐集與判斷，可說決定了戰局的走向，而該部的情報工作主要交由第二廳掌管。本文分三個部分，第一部分闡明二戰前德日及歐美各國的參謀機構發展，以及軍令部第二廳的前身，也就是參謀本部第二廳的發展及其情報工作情形；第二部分則探討軍令部第二廳的組織詳情，包含架構演變、歷任廳長和副廳長等，以及第二廳與其他機構在抗戰時期的競爭與合作，最後嘗試探討駐外武官制度在民國時期發展；第三部分試著分析軍令部在抗戰時期的情報工作成效，探討該部蒐集與分析的情報對於軍事委員會的決策有何作用。 ;This passage aims to explore the role and impact of the intelligence work carried out by the Ministry of Military Orders during the Chinese resistance against Japan. Previous scholars often mention the intelligence agencies of the Military Affairs Commission, typically thinking of Bureau of Investigation and Statistics and the Central Bureau of Investugation and Statistics(CBIS), but they overlook the fact that the primary unit handling military intelligence was the Ministry of Military Orders within the Military Affairs Commission. The Ministry of Military Orders was formed through the merger of the General Staff Headquarters of the National Government and the First Department of the Military Affairs Commission, making it one of the key institutions during the resistance against Japan. The planning of the Military Affairs Commission′s combat strategies was orchestrated by the Ministry of Military Orders, and thus, the intelligence gathering and assessment by the department played a crucial role in determining the course of the war, with the intelligence work primarily overseen by the Second Bureau. This article is divided into three parts. The first part elucidates the pre-World War II development of staff organizations in Germany, Japan, and various Western countries, as well as the development and intelligence work of the predecessor of the Ministry of Military Orders′s Second Bureau, namely the Second Bureau of the General Staff Headquarters. The second part explores the organizational details of the Ministry of Military Orders′s Second Bureau, including its structural evolution, successive directors and deputy directors, as well as the competition and cooperation between the Second Bureau and other institutions during the resistance against Japan. Finally, it attempts to analyze the effectiveness of the Ministry of Military Orders′s intelligence work during the resistance against Japan, examining the role of the intelligence collected and analyzed by the department in the decision-making of the Military Affairs Commission.
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