析論畫家周閑（1820-1875）之成就及其交遊圈;Artistic Achievement and Friendship Circle of Zhou Xiang (1820-1875)

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Title:	析論畫家周閑（1820-1875）之成就及其交遊圈;Artistic Achievement and Friendship Circle of Zhou Xiang (1820-1875)
Authors:	程郁雯;Cheng, Yu-Wen
Contributors:	藝術學研究所
Keywords:	周閑;生平交遊;花卉畫;天趣;清人合繪《范湖草堂圖卷》;萍花社;雅集;Zhou Xiang;experiences and friendship circle;flower painting;Tianqu;Fan Hu Caotang co-painted by Qing people;Pinghua Club;literary gathering
Date:	2023-05-03
Issue Date:	2024-09-19 17:38:40 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	周閑（1820-1875）生於浙江秀水（嘉興），為清末重要畫家，常年來往江南各地，交遊甚廣，其在世五十六年，並非一個長壽的歲數，卻在不到四十歲時便名重畫壇，逝世後仍對之後的海上畫派及嶺南畫派產生深刻影響。現今周閑相關研究中，多為簡要介紹或將之歸在其友任熊的脈絡下，有關周閑藝術成就方面的文章並不多見。本文以《范湖草堂遺稿》與《范湖草堂日記》為主要材料，亦透過圖版資料、友人日記、著述與書信等第一手文獻資料，更深入且完整地建構周閑的生平足跡、交遊圈及畫名的形成的同時，亦確定其對於現今熟知的海上畫派是承先啟後的重要人物之一，透過經常往返蘇州、上海兩地，以及諸多的雅集，其亦是將蘇州風格帶入上海的其中一位重要人物。此外，筆者亦對畫跋及作品進行分析，形塑個人畫風之外，亦填補一些被畫史忽略之事。全文以生平事蹟分為三章。第一章將呈現周閑早年在鴉片戰爭、杭州及湖北的生平經歷與交遊，並以周閑題畫詩建構其早年繪畫理念，同時疏理其與任熊的畫學關係，知在花繪畫方面，應是任熊受到周閑影響居多。第二章則關注周閑在返回蘇州、歷經太平天國之亂、避難上海與任官時期的經歷與社交圈，其不僅在畫壇已具號召力，政治生涯亦達顛峰。第三章則圍繞在罷官後隱居蘇州的生活以及與蘇州諸多著名收藏家的來往，並對其作品風格進行分析，探論其對之後海上畫派與嶺南畫派的影響。 ;Zhou Xiang (1820-1875) was an important painter in the late Qing Dynasty who was born in Xiushui County (Jiaxing), Zhejiang Province. He traveled extensively throughout Jiangnan and had connections. He lived for 56 years, which is not a long lifespan, but he became well-known in the art world before 40. Even after his death, he had a profound influence on the later generations of the Shanghai School海上畫派 and Lingnan School嶺南畫派. However, most studies of Zhou Xiang today only provide brief introductions or place him within the context of his friend Ren Xiong (任熊, 1823-1857). There are few articles discuss his artistic achievements. This paper focuses on his life and accomplishments, drawing mainly on Fan Hu Caotang Yigao范湖草堂遺稿and Fan Hu Caotang Diary范湖草堂日記, as well as first-hand documentary materials such as illustrations, friends′ diaries, writings, and letters. Through these materials, we gain a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of Zhou Xiang′s life, friendship circle, and the formation of his artistic reputation. It is also confirmed that Zhou Xiang was one of the important figures in the 19th century art circle who brought the Suzhou style to Shanghai through his frequent travels between the two cities and participation in many literary gatherings. In addition, we analyze his paintings and inscriptions, not only to shape his personal style but also to fill in some of the gaps that have been neglected by art history. The paper is divided into three chapters based on Zhou Xiang′s main activities. The first chapter presents his early life and connections during the Opium War鴉片戰爭in Hangzhou and Hubei. We also construct his painting philosophy through his poetry inscriptions, and clarifies his artistic relationship with Ren Xiong, suggesting that Ren was mainly influenced by Zhou Xiang in flower painting. The second chapter focuses on Zhou Xiang′s experiences and friendship circle upon his return to Suzhou, during the turmoil of the Taiping Rebellion太平天國之亂, his evacuation to Shanghai, and his political career. During this time, he not only had a commanding presence in the art world but also reached the peak of his political career. The third chapter centers on his life after dismissing from office and living in Suzhou. It explores his interactions with many celebrated collectors in Suzhou, and analyzes his painting style to investigate his influence on the later Shanghai School and Lingnan School.
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