| 摘要: | 在不確定性提高與動態性增加的環境當中，企業的高階管理團隊 (TMT) 所引導組織前進的方向就愈顯重要。而人力資本與組織擁有之其他資源相比，更具無法輕易模仿、轉移或完全替代之特性，能建立組織的競爭優勢。高階管理團隊所具備的人力資本，其知識、技能、經驗的複雜度更高，能協助企業獲利，並拓展創新的走向。
同時，學術領域亦透過實證研究確立高階管理團隊 (TMT) 人力資本與組織績效之間的正向關係，然而，多數研究著重在高階管理團隊的多樣性範疇，其他高階管理團隊人力資本類型，如：高階管理團隊工作經驗、高階管理團隊工作年資等，則經常作為研究當中的其他變數。
因此，本研究以高階管理團隊人力資本 (TMT Human Capital)、高階管理團隊年資 (TMT Tenure)、高階管理團隊教育程度/背景 (TMT Education)、高階管理團隊組成 (TMT Composition)、高階管理團隊多樣性 (TMT Diversity) 為關鍵字，搜尋同時包含組織績效相關變項之通過SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) 標準的國外學術期刊，並確認文獻完整記錄本研究分析所需之資訊後，將蒐集文獻包含之高階管理團隊人力資本依類型區分，運用後設分析方法，探究其與財務、創新兩類績效間的相關性。
本研究最終採用總計78篇文獻，總樣本數為23,826筆資料，藉由後設分析探討高階管理團隊人力資本對於組織績效的影響。由本研究結果可知，TMT一般/特定性人力資本及TMT多樣性對財務績效具顯著正向影響；TMT多樣性對於創新績效具顯著正向影響；部分定義之TMT工作經歷（工作總年資、在現職公司年資），則與組織的創新績效呈現顯著正相關。根據研究結果，企業可透過建立具多樣性的高階管理團隊，使組織能以更全面的角度檢視其所面臨的處境，並提出相應之解決方案與預防措施；同時，完善組織的陪訓與人才發展制度，以強化高階管理團隊的人力資本存量與經驗累積，達成對組織的管理與運作之正向影響；最後，在創新績效方面，則需要營造支持性的組織氛圍，並激勵同仁創新行為的展現，以利組織拓展新市場、新產品、策略轉型等目標達成。;When living in the environment with increasing uncertainty and dynamism, the directions guided by a firm’s top management team (TMT) become more crucial. Compared to other resources possessed by organizations, human capital can establish the competitive advantages more easily, because it’s hard to be imitated, transferred, or entirely substituted. The human capital that is possessed by the TMT, with its higher complexity of the knowledge, skills, and experience, can help the enterprise make more profit and expand its innovative fields.
Furthermore, the results of the empirical research in the academic field have established a positive relationship between TMT human capital and organizational performance. However, most of them emphasize on the relationship with TMT Diversity. Other types of TMT Human Capital, such as TMT Work Experience and TMT Tenure, are often defined as other kinds of variables in the research.
Therefore, TMT Human Capital, TMT Tenure, TMT Education, TMT Composition, and TMT Diversity are applied as the keywords to search for the paper which contains the variables about organizational performance. The paper should also has passed SSCI. After we confirm the completeness of the required information, we then categorize different types of TMT Human Capital and utilize meta-analysis to explore the correlation between TMT Human Capital and the organizational performance about finance and innovation.
There are 78 articles, comprising 23,826 data, are collected for analysis to investigate the impact of TMT on organizational performance conducted by meta-analysis. The results of this study indicate that TMT General/Specific Human Capital and TMT Diversity have a significant positive impact on financial performance. Meanwhile, TMT Diversity have a significant positive impact on innovation performance. Last but not least, TMT work experience in terms of specific definition (total years of work experience and tenure with the current company) is significantly positively correlated with the organizational performance. According to the result, enterprises can evaluate their circumstances from a comprehensive perspective, and propose corresponding solutions and preventive measures by establishing a diverse TMT. Simultaneously, they can increase the stock of human capital and the accumulation of work experience of the TMT through the improvement of organizational training and talent development systems, to achieve a positive impact on the management and operation of the organization. Finally, in terms of innovation performance, it is necessary to create a supportive organizational atmosphere to motivate employees to demonstrate innovative behavior, which can facilitate the achievement of goals such as expanding into new markets, products, and strategic transformation. |
