| 摘要: | 為深耕客家文化，桃園市政府基於客家人口占比全臺縣市第三大之優勢，透過客家節慶政策，藉以探討與集體記憶的關係，本研究以桃園市政府客家事務局推動的三大客家節慶政策為研究主題；第一、藉桃園市之三界廟為全臺最多的縣市，首創以三界爺為主題，串聯桃園市具特色的三界廟，採用輪庄方式舉辦「三界爺文化祭」活動，第二、以感念先民義勇抗戰、保鄉衛產精神，藉由南桃園具特殊輪庄祭祀制度的義民信仰與1895乙未客家戰役之保家衛產的義民精神結合之「義民文化祭」活動，第三、擁有全臺唯一的海洋客家族群以半農半漁、耕海耕田的生活方式，保留牽罟、石滬、歕嘟等傳統捕漁文化的「海客文化藝術季」的活動，透過以上在桃園具特色之三大客家節慶活動，藉以傳承客家文化及促進族群融合為目標，再創客家特有節慶為亮點，建構以客家為永續發展的環境為願景的客家節慶政策。
本研究透過文獻分析法和訪談法，並以新制度理論及族群理論，就客家政策、族群凝聚、客家信仰為分析變項，探討客家政策對客家節慶活動的訴求及客家節慶活動對於客家族群集體記憶具形塑效果。本文研究發現：(1)客家節慶活動藉由族群意識及族群認同建構了客家集體記憶；(2)由上而下的客家政策可發揮客家集體記憶的功能；(3)精緻化客家政策更能因地制宜的建構客家集體記憶。
;To deepen the Hakka Culture, the Taoyuan city government, based on the advantage of having the third largest Hakka population among all counties and cities in Taiwan, has Campaignadopted a policy of Hakka festivals to explore the relationship with collective memories.
This study is based on the three major Hakka festival policies promoted by the Hakka Affairs Bureau of the Taoyuan City Government as the theme of the study.
First, taking advantage of the fact that Taoyuan City has the largest number of The Three Realm Temple in Taiwan, it is the first city in Taiwan to use The Three Realm deities as the theme, linking the characteristic The Three Realm Temple in Taoyuan City and organizing the " The Three Realm Deities Cultural Festival" in the form of a rotating system.
Second, to remembrance the brave resistance of Hakka ancestry and the spirit of protecting homeland and properties, the "Yimin Cultural Festival" combines the Yimin faith with the special rotating ritual system in Southern Taoyuan and the Yimin spirit of defending the family and property during the Hakka Resistance against Japanese occupating operation of Taiwan in 1895.
Third, the "Oceanhakka Culture and Art Season" is the only event in Taiwan where the Hakka community lives a half-farming, half-fishing lifestyle, cultivating the sea and the fields, and preserving the traditional fishing cultures of traps, rock shelters, and seashell whistling.
Through the above three Hakka festivals in Taoyuan, this study aims to inherit the Hakka culture and promote ethnic integration, to re-create Hakka-specific festivals as the highlights, and to construct a Hakka festival policy with the vision of making Hakka as the environment for sustainable development.
By using literature analysis and in-depth interviews, and using the new institutional theory and ethnicity theory, this study explores the demand of Hakka policy on Hakka festivals and the effect of Hakka festivals on the collective memory of Hakka families by using the new institutional theory and ethnicity theory as the analyzing variables. This paper finds that: (1) Hakka festivals construct Hakka collective memory through community awareness and identity; (2) Top-down Hakka policies can function as Hakka collective memory; and (3) Refined Hakka policies can better construct Hakka collective memory according to local conditions. |
