| 摘要: | 大氣中的二氧化碳濃度持續上升，導致了海洋溫度升高和海水酸化，對珊瑚礁生態系統構成了重大威脅，並引發珊瑚白化以及重大的生物地球化學和社會經濟影響。雖然已有一些研究探討了菲律賓及其周邊地區的相關現象，但在整合海洋熱浪、海洋酸化以及珊瑚白化指數（度加熱週指數）的大規模評估上仍存在關鍵缺口。本研究利用衛星和再分析數據對1985年至2022年間菲律賓周邊水域所發生的海洋熱浪、海洋酸化事件和珊瑚白化指數進行了全面評估，並關注於十二個珊瑚棲息地來進一步檢查這些現象對此棲息環境的影響。研究區域被分為三組海域，調查了包含菲律賓北部、西部和東部(的珊瑚棲息地的海洋環境時空動態。研究結果指出了六月是菲律賓北部海域應對海水暖化最脆弱的月份，而六月對於菲律賓西部海域則是酸化最嚴重的月份。基於海洋熱浪指數和海水表面溫度、pH值和海洋表面二氧化碳分壓的經驗正交函數變化主要模式結果顯示，達沃東部（點L）是菲律賓最脆弱的珊瑚礁點，其次是林加延灣海岸（點E）。達沃東部（點L）在2020年出現了海洋熱浪的最久平均持續時間，為90.5天/次，而林加延灣海岸（點E）在2022年經歷了最多的海洋熱浪總天數，為293天。林加延灣海岸（點E）在2022年7月和8月達到了最高的度加熱週數值，為8.94°C-週。另一方面，大尺度氣候特徵如厄爾尼諾-南方振盪（ENSO）和太平洋年代際振盪（PDO）的綜合效應顯著影響了研究區域的海水表面溫度異常和海洋熱浪事件的發生。總而言之，本研究調查了高風險和脆弱的珊瑚礁區域，以及分析海洋環境壓力因子之間複雜交互作用，為菲律賓海洋研究人員和決策者實施針對性的珊瑚棲息地保護和緩解措施提供了寶貴的參考依據。;Ocean warming and acidification, driven by increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, pose significant threats to coral reef ecosystems, resulting in coral bleaching and significant biogeochemical and socioeconomic consequences. While some research has explored these phenomena in the Philippines and its surrounding areas, there remains a critical gap in large-scale assessments integrating marine heatwaves (MHWs), ocean acidification (OA), and coral bleaching, using the index Degree Heating Weeks (DHW). This study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of MHWs, OA, and coral bleaching indices in the surrounding waters of the Philippines from 1985 to 2022, utilizing satellite and reanalysis data. Twelve coral reef points were selected to further examine these phenomena and their effects on coral reefs. The study area was divided into three groups, providing a detailed examination of the spatiotemporal dynamics of these stressors in the north, west, and east of the Philippines. The study identified that June is the most vulnerable month for Group I to warming and for Group II to acidification. Based on the MHW indices and shifts in the patterns of the leading mode of EOF of SST, pH, and spCO2, the Davao Oriental (Point L) is the most vulnerable coral reef point for the Philippines, followed by the coast of Lingayen Gulf (Point E). Point L achieved the highest average MHW duration with 90.5 days/ times in 2020, while Point E experienced the maximum total MHW days in 2022 with 293 days. The highest DHW value reached by Point E was 8.94°C-weeks in July and August 2022. Additionally, the combined effect of climate indices such as ENSO and PDO affects the SST anomaly and MHW occurrences in the study area. The identification of high-risk and vulnerable coral reef regions, along with insights into the complex interactions between stressors, provides valuable guidance for marine researchers and decision-makers in implementing targeted conservation and mitigation measures. |
