| 摘要: | 隨著資訊科技的進步與行動裝置的普及，再加上 COVID-19 疫情的影響，數位學習逐漸成為不可或缺的教學模式，相關研究也快速增加。在這些研究之中，個體差異是一項關鍵因素，其中性別尤為受到關注。隨之而來的，與性別相關的數位學習研究逐年攀升，然而針對其研究分布與發展趨勢，仍缺乏系統性的檢視。為彌補此缺失，本研究將分析性別議題在數位學習研究之分布與發展趨勢。
在另一方面，視覺化分析能有效地把龐大的數據轉換成圖像，可以便於進行理解、推理與決策，所以視覺化分析則是發掘資訊與辨識趨勢的重要手段。由於這些優勢，本研究將採用視覺化技術來為以下五項研究問題進行深入地分析:
(1) 在數位學習領域中，不同國家投入性別議題之研究的現況為何？
(2) 在數位學習領域中，投入性別議題之研究所涵蓋的主題為何？
(3) 在數位學習領域中，投入性別議題之研究不同國家所涵蓋主題的關係為何?
(4) 在數位學習領域中，投入性別議題之研究常見的關鍵字為何？
(5) 在數位學習領域中，投入性別議題之研究在不同階段所呈現之趨勢為何？
為回答上述的研究問題，本研究的視覺化分析涵蓋兩個層次，也就是宏觀層次和微觀層次。宏觀層次著重觀察整體研究樣貌，包括各國在性別相關研究中的參與程度、重要作者的學術影響，以及主題的整體分布與變化。微觀層次則聚焦於具代表性的主題(「數位與線上學習」、「遊戲式學習」、「合作學習」與「行動學習」)，分析其研究國家、常見關鍵字主題與作者分布與內部的合作情形。
宏觀層次所得的結果顯示，數位學習之研究在 2022 年達到成長高峰，而且以每八年為一個週期，呈現等比級數的成長。除此之外，也在研究主題、學術影響力和跨國合作上展現出一些特別的趨勢。關於研究主題，「數位與線上學習」、「遊戲式學習」與「合作學習」最受關注。這些主題不僅研究量大，還經常在同一篇文獻中共同出現，顯示其彼此之間具有高度關聯性。
關於學術影響力，美國與台灣不僅在發表量與引用數上名列前茅，也擁有最多的核心作者，展現出穩定且持續的研究能量。關於跨國合作，中國則與美國同為跨國合作最活躍的國家，合作網路遍及多個地區，顯示其在全球學術社群中的積極參與。然而希臘雖無跨國合作網路，整體產出也不高，卻獲得極高引用，凸顯高品質研究內容的重要性。
微觀層次所得的結果可以區分為三大面向。第一個面向則是「Pedagogical Implications」幾乎是所有主題中最常出現的關鍵字，顯示多數研究傾向從課程設計與教學方法切入性別相關議題。第二個面向則為「數位與線上學習」、「遊戲式學習」、「合作學習」或「行動學習」，都廣泛關注不同年齡層學生的成效差異與情緒反應，反映出學者對學習歷程中性別角色的持續關注。最後一個面向則與新冠肺炎有關，也就是在疫情發生後，「COVID」成為「數位與線上學習」領域中的新興熱門關鍵字，這進一步突顯了數位學習的研究更加關注當代社會變遷下的教育議題。
本研究的主要貢獻在於設計了一套具宏觀與微觀分析的雙層次分析架構，並依據不同的分析內容設計多種視覺化圖表，能協助有志於進行視覺化分析與文獻回顧的研究者在設計與方法上有所依據，同時也補足了過往性別議題相關研究缺乏系統性整理的不足，進一步為學術界與教育實務工作者提供性別在當代數位學習領域中發展現況的參考依據。
;With the advancement of information technology and the widespread use of mobile devices, coupled with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital learning has gradually become an indispensable mode of instruction, and relevant studies research have increased rapidly. Among these studies, individual differences are a key factor, with gender receiving particular attention. As a result, research on gender-related issues in digital learning has been increasing for recent years. However, there is still a lack of systematic review, in terms of its distribution and trends. To address this gap, this study investigated the distribution and trends of gender issues in digital learning research.
On the other hand, data visualization can effectively transform large amounts of data into images, making it easier for understanding, reasoning, and decision-making. Therefore, data visualization is an important method for uncovering information and identifying trends. Due to these advantages, this study adopted techniques of data visualization to conduct in-depth analysis for the following five research questions:
(1) What is the current state of research on gender issues in digital learning across different countries?
(2) What are major topics covered in gender-related research in the field of digital learning?
(3) What are relationships between involved countries and the topics covered in gender-related digital learning research?
(4) What are keywords commonly used in gender-related digital learning research?
(5) What trends are presented in gender-related digital learning research at different stages?
To answer the above research questions, this study used data visualization to conduct two- level analyses : the macro level and the micro level. The macro level focused on observing the overall landscape of research, including the extent of participation by different countries in gender-related studies, the academic influences of core authors, and the overall distribution and evolution of research topics. The micro level, on the other hand, centered on representative topics ("digital and online learning," "game-based learning," "collaborative learning," and "mobile learning"), analyzing the contributing countries, keywords commonly used, author distribution, and international collaboration within each topic.
The results obtained from the macro-level analysis indicate that research on digital learning reached its peak in 2022, showing exponential growth with an approximate eight-year cycle. In addition, specific trends were observed, in terms of research topics, academic impacts, and international collaboration. Regarding research topics, "Digital and Online Learning" , "Game-Based Learning", and "Collaborative Learning" received the most attention. These topics not only had a high volume of publications but also frequently appeared together in the same studies, indicating a high degree of interrelation.
In the respect of academic impacts, the United States and Taiwan not only ranked among the top in publication volume and citation counts but also had the highest number of core authors, demonstrating stable and sustained research capacity. With respect to international collaboration, China—alongside the United States—was one of the most active countries in cross-national cooperation, with a collaboration network spanning multiple regions, reflecting its active engagement in the global academic community. Greece lacked international collaboration networks and had relatively low publication output. However, it received exceptionally high citation counts due to the high quality of its content, highlighting its noteworthy academic value.
The results obtained from the micro-level analysis could be categorized into three major aspects. The first aspect is that "Pedagogical Implications" was the most frequently occurring keyword across almost all topics, indicating that most studies tended to approach gender-related issues from the perspectives of curriculum design and instructional methods. The second aspect was that studies related to "Digital and Online Learning," "Game-Based Learning," "Collaborative Learning," and "Mobile Learning" investigated performance differences and emotional responses for students with different ages, reflecting scholars’ continued attention to the role of gender throughout the whole learning process.
The final aspect is related to the COVID-19 pandemic—after the outbreak, "COVID" emerged as a popular and emerging keyword within the field of "Digital and Online Learning," further highlighting that digital learning research has become increasingly attentive to educational issues under contemporary societal changes.
The main contribution of this study lies in the development of an analytical framework, which were involved in two levels: the macro level and the micro level. Based on such different levels of analysis, various visualized charts were designed to assist researchers interested in visual analysis and literature review by providing a methodological reference. At the same time, this framework addresseed the lack of systematic organization in previous gender-related research and further offered academic scholars and educational practitioners a reference for understanding the current state of gender issues in the field of contemporary digital learning. |
