| 摘要: | 本文探討2021年9與10月、2022年2至3月在鹿林山區、以及2021年12月於臺中市區量測氣膠的水溶性無機離子與碳成分。
鹿林山區春季受境外傳輸生質燃燒 (Biomass Burning, BB) 煙團影響，氣膠濃度上升，以SO42-濃度最高，推論主要是來自人為排放，部分來自BB貢獻。臺中市區冬季高濃度期間NO3-濃度最高，早上上班時段有來自固定源和交通排放的影響，中午時段光化學反應有貢獻，夜間NO3-濃度可能來自N2O5水解或車輛排放NOx轉化。臺中市區與鹿林山區的氣膠碳成分以一次有機碳居多，推論分別來自燃燒污染源與BB煙團傳輸。以Revised IMPROVE公式估算鹿林山區大氣氣膠消光係數顯示BB煙團傳輸期間有機物及元素碳占比高，臺中市區有較高的硝酸銨貢獻，這些化學成分都對太陽輻射削減影響重大。以多元迴歸方程式模擬鹿林山區與臺中市區氣膠光學厚度得出影響因子為臭氧、相對溼度與SO2。結合受體模式正矩陣因子法和潛在源貢獻因子法解析鹿林山區2018-2022年春季PM2.5化學成分，依貢獻比例高低得出BB來源、NOx轉化、地殼元素與海鹽、谷風，並分別追溯出高頻率來源位置。以氣膠特徵比OC/EC、Char-EC/Soot-EC與NO3-/SO42-，推論2003-2021年秋季受到來自燃煤燃燒源影響較生質燃燒大，2003-2022年春季則是受到生質燃燒明顯影響。
;This study conducted aerosol measurements during September–October 2021 and February–March 2022 in the Lulin Mountain region, and in December 2021 in Taichung City, analyzing water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) and carbonaceous components.
In spring, the Lulin Mountain region experienced elevated aerosol concentrations influenced by transboundary biomass burning (BB) plumes. SO₄²⁻ had the highest concentration, attributed primarily to anthropogenic emissions, with partial contributions from BB. During winter in Taichung City, NO₃⁻ showed the highest concentrations during high-pollution episodes. Stationary sources and traffic emissions influenced NO₃⁻ levels during morning rush hours, while photochemical reactions contributed at midday, and nighttime NO₃⁻ levels likely resulted from N₂O₅ hydrolysis or traffic emissions NOx. Carbonaceous aerosols in both Taichung City and Lulin Mountain were dominated by primary organic carbon, suggesting contributions from combustion pollution sources in the city and BB plumes in the mountain region. Using the Revised IMPROVE formula, the aerosol extinction coefficient in the Lulin Mountain region revealed high contributions of organic matter and elemental carbon (EC) during BB plume transport, while ammonium nitrate contributed significantly in Taichung City. These chemical components had a substantial impact on solar radiation attenuation. A multiple regression model for aerosol optical depth identified ozone, relative humidity, and sulfur dioxide as major influencing factors in both regions. Combining Positive Matrix Factorization and Potential Source Contribution Function analyses, PM2.5 chemical compositions in the Lulin Mountain region during spring 2018–2022 were attributed to BB sources, NOₓ transformations, crustal elements with sea salt, and valley winds, with high-frequency source locations identified for each factor. Characteristic aerosol ratios such as OC/EC, Char-EC/Soot-EC, and NO₃⁻/SO₄²⁻ indicated that autumn (2003–2021) was more influenced by coal combustion sources compared to BB, whereas spring (2003–2022) was predominantly impacted by BB. |
