垃圾焚化廠滲出水熱處理法對焚化爐營運指標影響分析-以臺灣南部地區為例

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題名:	垃圾焚化廠滲出水熱處理法對焚化爐營運指標影響分析-以臺灣南部地區為例
作者:	侯佳承;Chen, Hou-Chia
貢獻者:	環境工程研究所在職專班
關鍵詞:	生活垃圾焚化廠;再生能源;滲出水;營運指標;Waste treatment plant;Green energy;Leachate water
日期:	2025-01-16
上傳時間:	2025-04-09 19:13:07 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	臺灣地狹人稠，80年代以來因掩埋場土地取得困難及垃圾產量增加，政府推動「焚化為主，掩埋為輔」的垃圾處理政策使焚化廠成為主流垃圾終端處理方式。然而，垃圾在焚化廠內暫存期間會產生高濃度的垃圾滲出水，滲出水含有大量有機物呈黑褐色並伴隨惡臭，其污染物濃度變化劇烈，易造成廢水處理系統挑戰，因此過往焚化廠多採用熱處理法處理滲出水，利用霧化噴嘴噴入焚化爐煙道，作為製程冷卻手段。隨著廢水處理技術進步、生活垃圾焚化廠被納入再生能源項目，新建焚化廠如何提升熱回收效率成為設計重點，因此開始尋求不將滲出水噴注焚化爐的替代方法，但過往對焚化廠滲出水性質研究甚少，缺乏評估處理方式優劣之文獻基礎。本研究透過對滲出水的採樣與分析，探討其污染物濃度變化並確立主要汙染物範圍如pH、化學需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量(BOD)、懸浮固體(SS)、重金屬…等。再透過滲出水化學潛能(CEP)量化滲出水熱處理過程中的能源損失，並運用多元迴歸分析滲出水處理對焚化爐底渣、飛灰及廢氣排放的可能影響。研究結果顯示滲出水的污染物濃度及性質相似於掩埋場過渡期之水質，滲出水呈弱鹼性廢水、BOD濃度介於50 ~ 100 mg/L、COD濃度介於1,500 ~ 4,000 mg/L、SS濃度介於50 ~ 1200 mg/L並含有相當濃度之氯鹽離子。焚化爐熱處理每噸滲出水約需消耗0.25~0.60 MWh電能，約占每日發電量1~2.3%，隨著焚化爐系統熱轉換技術提升，新設焚化廠能量損失可能會進一步提高至0.41~ 1 MWh，雖然滲出水處理造成發電量損失，但可能減少原灰產生、酸性氣體與氮氧化物氣體排放下降，以達到減少營運藥品使用。;Taiwan, being a densely populated country with limited land, has faced increasing challenges in waste management since the 1980s due to difficulties in acquiring landfill sites and growing waste volumes. To address these issues, the government implemented the "incineration as primary, landfilling as supplementary" waste treatment policy, making incinerators the mainstream solution for municipal waste disposal. However, during the temporary storage of waste in incinerators, highly concentrated leachate is generated. This leachate, rich in organic matter, appears dark brown and emits a foul odor. Its fluctuating pollutant concentrations pose significant challenges to wastewater treatment systems. Historically, incinerators have relied on thermal treatment methods, using atomizing nozzles to spray the leachate into flue gas ducts as a means of cooling. With advancements in wastewater treatment technologies and the inclusion of municipal waste incinerators in renewable energy projects, enhancing thermal recovery efficiency has become a focal point for the design of new incinerators. Consequently, alternative treatment methods that avoid spraying leachate into incinerators are being explored. However, limited studies on the characteristics of incinerator leachate hinder the evaluation of such alternatives. This study investigated the variations in pollutant concentrations of incinerator leachate through sampling and analysis, establishing the primary pollutant range, including pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Suspended Solids (SS), and heavy metals. The study further quantified energy loss during the thermal treatment of leachate using its Chemical Energy Potential (CEP). Additionally, multiple regression analyses were employed to examine the potential effects of leachate treatment on bottom ash, fly ash, and flue gas emissions from incinerators. Results indicated that the characteristics and pollutant concentrations of leachate resemble the transitional phase of landfill leachate. The leachate exhibited weak alkalinity, with BOD concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 mg/L, COD concentrations between 1,500 and 4,000 mg/L, and SS concentrations varying from 50 to 1,200 mg/L, along with significant chloride ion content. Thermal treatment of leachate required approximately 0.25–0.60 MWh of electricity per ton, accounting for 1–2.3% of daily electricity generation. With improvements in thermal conversion efficiency, energy losses in newly constructed incinerators may increase to 0.41–1 MWh. Although leachate treatment reduces electricity generation, it can potentially decrease fly ash production and reduce emissions of acidic and nitrogen oxide gases, thereby lowering the consumption of operational chemicals
顯示於類別:	[環境工程研究所碩士在職專班] 博碩士論文

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