| 摘要: | 警察機關為防止公共安全的危害與犯罪偵防，常運用監控手段蒐集人民資料。然警察監控對於人民之資訊隱私權造成極嚴重之干預，本文從資訊隱私權之憲法框架出發，檢視現行警察監控之行政管制，並提出改革建議。
資訊隱私權既為《憲法》第22條所保障。故國家欲實施資訊隱私權干預的措置，須符合《憲法》揭示之法律保留原則、踐行正當法律程序，符合比例原則方能通過合憲性的檢驗。
警察監控在實務上，以一網打盡方式將人民資料無差別的進行蒐錄與儲存。另《警察職權行使法》與《個人資料保護法》僅以概括性的法律概念，如「維護治安」與「有利於當事人」等，作為將資料目的外使用之授權依據。且資料保存時限過長、欠缺刪除資料明確規範與缺乏相當之監督機制，如此恐形成「預存資料庫」，嚴重干預人民資訊隱私權。為糾正現行行政管制缺陷，本文建議修正《警察職權行使法》，具體包括：依侵害資訊隱私權的嚴重程度設定發動監控手段的層級化門檻，以落實比例原則；嚴格落實資料目的拘束原則與建立有效的資料刪除機制；建立事後通知程序，以確保正當法律程序；強化監督稽核機制，以實現透明度與課責。經由法制的重新整建，型塑警政監控之法治界線，以確保執法效能的同時重新確立人民對警察執法的信賴，落實法治國保障人權之憲法誡命。
;Police frequently employ surveillance methods to collect personal data for the purpose of preventing threats to public safety and detecting crime. However, the use of police surveillance raises significant concerns regarding the right to informational privacy. This thesis examines the current administrative controls over police surveillance, starting from the constitutional framework of informational privacy, and proposes necessary reforms.
The right to informational privacy is protected under Article 22 of the Constitution. Any state measure intending to interfere with this right must satisfy the constitutional requirements of the principle of legal reservation, adhere to due process of law, and comply with the principle of proportionality to pass constitutional scrutiny.
In practice, police surveillance often involves a dragnet approach, indiscriminately collecting, recording, and storing public data. Police Power Exercise Act and the Personal Data Protection Act use broad, general legal concepts—such as "maintaining public order" or "being beneficial to the data subject"—as the legal basis for authorizing the collection of personal data and its use for purposes other than the original collection purpose. Furthermore, data retention periods are excessively long, clear regulations for deletion mechanisms are absent, and oversight mechanisms are lacking. This situation risks creating a "pre-existing database," which severely interferes with the people′s right to informational privacy. To rectify the current deficiencies in administrative control, this thesis proposes amendments to the Police Power Exercise Act. Specifically, these amendments should include：Setting tiered thresholds for initiating surveillance measures based on the severity of the intrusion into informational privacy, thus implementing the principle of proportionality. Strictly enforcing the principle of purpose limitation and establishing effective data deletion mechanisms. Establishing a procedure for subsequent notification to ensure due process of law. Enhancing supervisory mechanisms to achieve transparency and accountability.
Through this legislative restructuring, we can delineate the rule-of-law boundaries for police surveillance. This will ensure effective law enforcement while restoring public trust in police practices and fulfilling the constitutional mandate of the rule of law to protect human rights. |
