本文旨在探討我國公務員基本權保障之規範演變，核心聚焦於國家與公務員間法律關係之轉變，即由傳統特別權力關係過渡至現代公法上職務關係之歷程。本文透過文獻分析法與法學方法，深度剖析司法院大法官解釋及憲法法庭判決之實務見解，進而評析司法機關於介入公務員爭訟時，在嚴格、中度及寬鬆審查基準間之選擇。 研究範圍涵蓋公職關係之形成、存續至終止階段，重點分析應考試服公職權、平等權及財產權受干預之憲法爭議案例，包括：消防人員身高限制案、公立醫院醫師雙重國籍限制、年金改革之信賴保護與比例原則以及考績免職之司法救濟範圍。本文研究發現，儘管特別權力關係已趨於消逝，但在部分實務判決中，司法權對於行政權之高度尊重仍使公務員權利保障面臨實質困境。文末針對現行法制不足之處提出立法建議，希冀落實正當法律程序，以維護憲法對公職人員身分與尊嚴之制度性保障。 ;This article aims to explore the normative evolution of the protection of fundamental rights for civil servants in our country, focusing on the qualitative shift in the legal relationship between the State and civil servants—specifically, the transition from the traditional "Special Power Relations" to the modern "Service Relationship under Public Law". Utilizing literature analysis and legal methodology, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the practical insights from the Interpretations of the Grand Justices of the Judicial Yuan and the Judgments of the Constitutional Court. It further evaluates the dynamic logic behind the judiciary′s choice among strict, intermediate, and rational basis (lax) review standards when intervening in civil servant litigations. The scope of this research covers the stages of formation, subsistence, and termination of the public service relationship. It emphasizes constitutional disputes regarding the interference with the right of taking public examinations and of holding public offices, the right to equality, and the right of property. Case studies include: the height restriction case for firefighters, dual nationality restrictions for public hospital physicians, the principle of protection of legitimate expectations and the principle of proportionality in pension reforms, and the scope of judicial remedy for dismissals based on performance appraisals. The findings indicate that while the doctrine of "Special Power Relations" is gradually fading, the high degree of judicial deference toward executive power in certain practical judgments continues to cause substantial hurdles for the protection of civil servants′ rights. Finally, this article proposes legislative recommendations to address the deficiencies in the current legal system, aiming to implement due process of law and uphold the institutional protection of the status and dignity of public officials under the Constitution.
