生理系統模型對現代醫療發展有很大的影響，無論是在醫療儀器設計、臨床研究或是藥品的測試方面，在各生醫領域都有生理模型的應用，但卻少見於使用在教育學習方面。本研究的目的是透過建立心血管循環系統、呼吸系統和泌尿系統等三種人體主要的生理系統模型來建立適用於教學模擬的生理系統模擬平台。每個生理系統分別是利用過去文獻所提出的生理系統模型，使用等效電路和數學函數來建立，最後建構出人性化的模擬介面，提供使用者進行模擬操作。每個生理模型除了模擬正常生理功能之外並分別進行兩個病狀模擬，例如心血管循環系統模擬主動脈瓣膜狹窄和瓣膜閉鎖不全，呼吸系統模擬氣喘和肺氣腫，泌尿系統模擬低血壓和低鈉離子濃度的狀態。透過病狀模擬來驗證各生理模型應用於模擬的可行性。模擬結果顯示，心血管系統可以模擬出正常的左心房、心室的血壓及血容積變化以及主動脈血壓與血流在正常與病理狀態的變化；在呼吸系統則能模擬出潮氣容積、氣流量和胸膜壓等在正常與病理狀態的生理變化；泌尿系統則透過病狀模擬出荷爾蒙對腎小管再吸收功能的控制。本研究所建立的生理系統模型可以模擬出正常與病理狀態的生理特性，意味著生理系統模型應用在教學模擬上的可行性。Physiological system models have an important influence on modern medical development, such as the design of medical equipment, clinical research or the test of drugs. Application of physiological system models could be found in all respects of biomedical field. However, it is hard to see the application in educational learning. The purpose of this study is to develop a simulation platform of three major physiological systems, the cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary system, used for education. Based on equivalent analog circuits and mathematical functions, existing physiological system models from the literature were adopted and built in a user-friendly interface that could be used easily to simulate the physiological functions. In addition to normal physiological functions, two additional clinical symptoms were also simulated with each physiological system model. They were aortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency in cardiovascular system, asthma and emphysema in respiratory system, and hypotension and low sodium concentration in urinary system. Simulation results indicated the cardiovascular system model could simulate normal blood pressure and volume change of the left atrium and ventricle, and aortic blood pressure and flow change for normal and diseased conditions; the results also showed the respiratory system model could simulate the change of tidal volume, air flow and pleural pressure in normal and pathlogical conditions; and the urinary system model was able to show that reabsorption in nephron could be controlled by urinary hormone. These results implied that physiological system models built in this study could be used for educational purpose.
