| 摘要: | 自從1987年全球第一家半導體晶圓代工廠商台積電成立，全球的晶圓代工營業額由2001的八十億美元成長到2010的兩百五十億美元，10來的年複合成長率 (CAGR, Compound Annual Growth Rate )為13%，2010年臺灣的台積電、聯華電子兩家業者已囊括全球69 %的市佔率 (資料來源：IC Insights)，這兩家業者堪稱是全球晶圓代工產業最具競爭力的業者。藉由晶圓代工的營運策略，台積電2010年已是全球第4大的半導體公司，聯華電子也成為全球第19大的半導體公司。臺灣的半導體晶圓代工產業目前雖然是全球的霸主，但新進入業者的威脅是目前台灣晶圓代工業者所要面臨的挑戰，如美國、南韓、大陸、日本等業者皆處心積慮想要瓜分市場，臺灣的晶圓代工業者要如何保持現有的競爭優勢是重要的課題。 本研究以台灣半導體晶圓代工產業為主，透過半導體晶圓代工產業的競爭優勢與策略分析，以質性研究方式做一深入比較分析。就相關的文獻與學術上各種產業競爭分析模式為基礎，如產品生命週期分析、五力分析與六力分析、VRIO分析、BCG矩陣模型、EV=PB-C分析與SWOT分析等競爭優勢理論，來剖析晶圓代工產業領域的競爭優勢特性。並以半導體晶圓代工的主要業者為個案公司，採用「需求特徵分析」的研究方法，來深入探討個案公司的競爭優勢，與展開的競爭策略與措施，再輔以個案公司的實際經營成果來印證上述的競爭優勢與策略研究。 經過本研究對半導體晶圓代工產業競爭優勢與策略的探討，與個案公司「需求特徵分析」的研究結果，可以歸納出來，半導體晶圓代工產業的競爭優勢分析，是可以透過「需求特徵分析」的模型來將理論與實務做一結合。另外根據本研究的分析結果，晶圓代工產業現階段的競爭優勢在於如何提高先進製程的市佔率、產品良率、產品品質與滿足客戶要求的產能與交期。後續有關晶圓代工產業競爭優勢與策略的研究，則可以注意晶圓代工產業上下游的策略聯盟、專利智慧財產權的應用與次世代晶圓廠的技術發展等領域。 The world’s first semiconductor foundry was built by tsmc in 1987. The global semiconductor foundry service revenue is growing from 2001 80 billion USD to 2010 250 billion USD, and it is an average of 13% CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) growth in semiconductor foundry business. The No.1 and No.2 global semiconductor foundry players are tsmc and UMC which are both located in Taiwan. The 2 companies occupied 69% of global market share in 2010 (data source IC Insights), and they are the most competitive players in semiconductor foundry service. By running semiconductor foundry business, tsmc became No.4 worldwide semiconductor company, and UMC is No.19 worldwide semiconductor company in 2010. Although Taiwanese semiconductor foundry industry is now standing on the global top position, there are many new comers from USA, South Korea, China, and Japan to compete with Taiwanese operators and willing to breakthrough the semiconductor foundry market from the 2 major operators. It became an important topic for Taiwanese semiconductor foundries to maintain their competitive advantage. The thesis is a qualitative research of the competitive advantage and strategy analysis based on Taiwanese semiconductor foundry industry. Some academic papers and the theories of competitive analysis models have been discussed to analysis the characteristics of competitive advantage in semiconductor foundry business, such as industry life cycle analysis, five forces analysis, six forces analysis, V.R.I.O. analysis, BCG model, EV=PB-C analysis, and S.W.O.T. analysis. The competitive advantage case study is based on a major semiconductor foundry service company in Taiwan. The case study adopted the theory of the analysis of characteristics model to intensively discuss the competitive advantage of the case company, and its competitive strategy and deployed actions. The before and after business performance of the case company was compared as the effectiveness result of the case company’s competitive strategy and actions. According to the above study, it was concluded that the competitive advantage analysis of the semiconductor foundry industry can be accomplished by the theory of the analysis of characteristics model. Based on the study result, current competitive advantages in semiconductor foundry industry are as following, how to increase the market share of advance process technology products, high product yield, good and stable product quality, and customer satisfaction on the production capacity and delivery schedule. It is suggested that the further study can focus on the alliance strategy between suppliers and subcontractors of foundry operator, the application of intellectual property in semiconductor industry, and the development technology of next generation fab. |
