| 摘要: | 本文以枋寮義民廟的21座分香廟為研究主軸，探討義民爺信仰由清領時期、經日治時期到戰後的變異，其發展機制、傳播媒介與傳播動力，而在在地化的過程中，保留了哪些義民爺信仰「原鄉」的內涵，又做了何種改變以適應大環境，希望能進一步呈現臺灣客家義民爺信仰多樣化的史實，以及此多樣文化形成的背景知識及其所體現的時代意義。 影響分香廟在新移居地發展的因素，包括：北客是否為優佔群體、信仰人群如何處理祖籍神與聚落中其他神明的關係、靈媒（鸞生、乩童）及其辦事能力等。其中，乩童的有無扮演著重要的角色，其做為締結北客、義民爺信仰與新移居地居民三者的關係間，具有穿針引線的功能，強化義民爺信仰的凝聚力。 分香廟呈現義民爺信仰的演變方面，本文以枋寮義民廟為比較基礎，從牌位的分化、義民爺神像、配合聚落改變祭典活動，與模仿祖廟設立墳塚四方面進行討論。21座分香廟「創造」出的義民爺信仰的諸多變異，可視為一種在地化的現象，亦是信徒將義民爺神格化的表現。 1980年代末期，客家文化社會運動興起，將義民精神與客家精神畫上等號，以及1999年褒忠義民廟聯誼會的組成，使原本分香廟獨自發展的義民爺信仰，加入變動因子。聯誼活動提供各義民廟間交流的舞台，其中上演著枋寮祖廟與分香廟、義民爺信仰大傳統與小傳統間的協商和對話。總之，義民爺信仰是因地制宜、與時俱進且持續在發展中的。The current study mainly focuses on the 21-branches of Fangliao Yi-min Temple and its differences of the Yi-min Ye Belief from Qing dynasty, Japanese ruled period, and the Postwar Era. The development of each Yi-min Temple branch has been localized from time to time and slightly changed from place to place. How followers kept the “original” concept of Yi-min Ye Belief and what they did to change in order to adapt to the local society have been studied. We hope to provide more historical facts of Taiwan Hakka Yi-min Ye Belief and its diversification. Hence, by presenting the background information and knowledge of the cultural diversification, we will have better understanding of the era differences. Whether North Hakka is the superior group; how Yi-min Ye believers dealt the relationship with their own religion and other beliefs of the area, and the ability to manage effect and expansion of a Yi-min Temple branch to new location. Therefore, the presence and/or absence of the psychic medium become a main character connecting the relationship among the North Hakka, Yi-min Ye Belief, and the new immigrants. They also solidify the Yi-min Ye Belief. Based on the Fangliao Yi-min Temple’s standard, the branches of Yi-min Temple have partially changed into four aspects: the deity emblem, the statue of Yi-min Ye, the ceremony, and the grave mimicked from Fangliao Yi-min Temple. Its 21 branches “created” the variation of Yi-min Ye Belief. Under such condition, it represents the localizational phenomenon and the divinization of the Yi-min Ye Belief. At the end of 1980, because The Hakka Culture Social Movement was aroused, the spirit of Yi-min was labeled as the Hakka spirit. In 1999, Yi-min Temple Association was form. Its formation infused new variables into the Fangliao Yi-min Temple branches. Fellowship activities not only provided a stage for the branch’s communication, but also tied up the connection between original Temple (Fangliao Yi-min Temple) and its branches. This type of fellowship activity is known as great tradition and little tradition of Yi-min Ye Belief. In short, Yi-min Ye Belief is still changed by the society and times. |
