近年來台灣營造工地普遍有聽聞缺工或勞動力斷層之狀況，而相關從業人員對此僅有一抽象的概念，而未能具體掌握缺工、勞動力斷層是否屬於營造業各工種都有的問題，亦無資料顯示缺工問題是否是全台皆有之狀況，且無探討相關問題之造成原因為何。本研究透過兩階段的質性研究方法，第一階段先對欲探討之工種的專業包商進行第一階段訪談，彙整問題並研擬問卷後，於第二階段將台灣本島西部之行政區域以一個小時車程為範圍劃分為四個區塊討論，並將問卷與四個區域之專業包商進行填寫與訪談。本研究之問卷回收整理後資料顯示，目前台灣營造業各工種除了鷹架工、水電消防工之缺工情形與年齡斷層之問題較不嚴重外，其他各工種皆有嚴重供需不平衡與年齡老化之嚴重斷層，各工種之轉行情形極低，但師傅工之流動率卻很高，顯示各工地因缺工而且搶工人之情形極盛。而以地域性劃分而論，除了雲林、嘉義地區之工人能自給自足外，各工種之缺工、年齡老化普遍存在於台灣本島。本研究整理了各工種平均需求之師傅工養成時間，發現目前營造業結構性問題，未能有好的師傅工培訓機制與招募方式，且政府職訓單位之角色未能發揮效用；且營建業對一般客觀多數人而言之刻板印象使目前多數台灣本地人父母不願讓子女從事相關工作，形成有優良社會網絡之台灣原住民族群在營造業師傅工從業人數特別高之現象。而本研究亦分析了目前缺工對工程之品質及工程工期，有嚴重影響的以鋼筋綁紮工、模板組立工尤甚；至於對師傅工工作態度及其工作上士氣之影響則不高。;Worker shortage in Taiwan’s construction industry is a well-accepted phenomenon in recent years, but this perception is still rather abstract. Those who participate in the construction industry may know better, but this is still limited to partial observation. So far, no studies or statistics are sufficient to present the specific data, such as the labor force, the age distribution, the different technical abilities in every construction trade, as well as the shortage in different geographical regions of Taiwan. Weighing between the common perception and the lack of hard data of the labor shortage in construction, totally understand the real situation and figure out the suitable solutions. This study will conduct in-depth interviews and questionnaires to investigate this issue on different parts of Taiwan. And then the results of the in-depth interviews and questionnaires will be compiled. The result is that except for the trades of scaffold and plumbers (i.e. fire control), other trades have big problem in worker shortage and age gaps. All kinds of trades which research in this paper have low work-changing tendency, but high turnover rates. According to the 4 regions which divide the west of Taiwan, the issue of worker shortage and age gaps is the most seriously, except Yunlin and Chiayi. This research also collects the length of training which is needed for a competent trade worker. Also, there is a structural problem that Taiwan’s construction industry does not have an adequate worker training and recruitment programs. It seems, from the perspective of this study, the government does not pay enough attention on this eminent problem. The aboriginals which have great social network have populated Taiwan’s construction sites. This research also discusses about how worker shortage would affect the quality and duration especially for reinforced and formwork workers.
