微型金融過度負債的偵測與預防 -- 以MIX為例;Detect and Prevent Over-indebtedness in Microfinance：Taking MIX for example

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题名:	微型金融過度負債的偵測與預防 -- 以MIX為例;Detect and Prevent Over-indebtedness in Microfinance：Taking MIX for example
作者:	吳秀伶;Wu,Hsiu-ling
贡献者:	財務金融學系
关键词:	微型金融;過度負債;MIX;Microfinance;Over-indebtedness;MIX
日期:	2015-06-25
上传时间:	2015-07-30 21:18:17 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	近年來，微型金融最大的風險來自於客戶的過度負債問題，因為微型金融跨國資金導引的不均、微型金融機構間的競爭等原因使顧客發生過度負債的問題，客戶無法償還借款，而微型金融機構也無法收回貸款，隨著過度負債的問題越來越嚴重，最後將會爆發微型金融危機。而MIX在微型金融領域中的資訊提供者，其提供微型金融機構的相關資訊，讓微型金融的參與者們有一個更深入了解微型金融機構的營運狀況、面臨的挑戰以及財務績效與社會績效等資訊的管道。本文利用MIX提供的資訊研究在微型金融危機爆發前有甚麼變化，並利用此變化嘗試建立偵測過度負債的方法。本文發現在微型金融危機發生以前貸款總額成長比例、借款人平均借款額之變動百分比、平均每位員工負責借款變動百分比以及微型金融機的流動性有上升的趨勢。而相關團體也提出了準則，如Principles for Investors in Inclusive Finance和顧客保護原則，一些研究與報導也針對過度負債問題給予建議，包括銷售、產品設計與貸款回收等方面的建議。;Recently, the most risk in microfinance is over-indebtedness. Distribution unequally on cross-border funding and the competition between microfinance institutions make microfinance client become over-indebted. With the problem, clients are unable to repay the loans, and microfinance institutions cannot recover it. When the condition of over-indebtedness becomes more and more serious, microfinance crisis will erupt eventually. MIX is the information provider in microfinance sector, which provides a channel for microfinance participants to gain a better understanding of microfinance institutions operations, challenges, and performance trends. This paper uses MIX data to examine what happen before microfinance crisis, and attempts to establish a method to detect the over-indebtedness. The growth of gross loan portfolio, the change of average loan balance per borrower, the growth of loan balance per staff member, and microfinance institutions liquidity move upward before microfinance crisis. The international groups who are concerned about microfinance have developed some guidelines, such as Principles for Investors in Inclusive Finance and The Client Protection Principles, in an attempt to avoid microfinance crisis in the future. In addition, some research reports also provide suggestions about how to improve over-indebtedness problem. Key words：
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