摘要 這個研究的目的在探討語言產出歷程中語義及語音處理的時間以及深度。所使用的作業是圖文干擾作業。作業中藉由操弄圖文的呈現起始時間差引起的圖片唸名反應時間差異以及觀察在事件相關腦電位實驗中N400的指標來探討語義及語音訊息在處理上的時間序列問題；並且利用干擾效果的大小以及語義訊息的處理是否可延伸至語音的層次來討論語義干擾效果處理上深度的問題。 在實驗一中以區段方式呈現不同圖文起始時間差，獲得了顯著的語義干擾效果以及語音促進效果。實驗二則將實驗一中圖文起始時間差以完全隨機的方式呈現，以排除受試者運用認知策略或是習慣化而影響唸名反應時間的可能性。結果在語義干擾及語音促進效果中仍然獲得相似的反應模式。 實驗三之一及二則希望探討發生在詞彙選擇階段中的語義干擾效果是否可延伸至語義干擾字的語音訊息。 實驗四中，利用事件相關腦電位，觀察圖文語義干擾效應及圖文同音促進效應在N400腦電波前後段振輻大小的不同，來推論語言產出中，語義及語音訊息在處理時間上的序列性。 在這個研究中，經由SOA、以及從事件相關腦電位所獲得的結果，可推論語音以及語義訊息被處理的時間以及時間序列，同時也將基於Levelt等人提出的詞彙觸接理論對這些研究結果進行解釋。Abstract The aim of this research is to explore the processing sequence between semantic and phonological processing and depth of them in speech production by a picture-word interference task. The processing sequence was indexed by SOA and by N400 amplitude in event-related potential. To address the issue of depth of semantic interference, the amount of interfere effect and the extensible association of semantic processing were indexed. In experiment 1, different SOAs were in different blocks; a significant semantic interference and phonological facilitation effect were demonstrated. In experiment 2, the same pattern of results was demonstrated when SOAs were in complete randomization. Experiment 3-1 and 3-2 were aimed at exploring the processing depth of semantic interference in a picture word interference task. Whether the semantic effect is extensible to the phonological level of semantic-related distractor words is the research question. The phenomenon also demonstrates the obligatory of phonological recoding of the distractor words. Experiment 4 compares the amplitude of N400 in different time window. The semantic-related condition showed significant differences to control condition both in the first and second half of N400 amplitude index. The phonological-related distractor showed amplitude differences from the control condition only in the second half of the N400. The semantic processing was processed prior to the phonological processing was argued for the phenomena.
