| 摘要: | 本研究是以現代管理學的角度和觀點，基於不同時期、不同事件及與其相關的人物，來研究並分析清朝年間葉赫那拉慈禧的統治方式，以及她如何帶領政府度過艱困的清朝末年。首先，依據現代企業的管理理論、人力資源、領導統御等方面來建立文獻討論的基礎，試圖以管理學的論點對慈禧的統治進行探討，描繪出慈禧的統治行為在管理學上的態樣。其次，從時間順序，劃分出幾個慈禧的主要統治時期，再以企業管理的不同層次及不同領域，例如：危機處理、領導統御、權力取得、識人用人、財務管理、管理體制、接班制度等方面，對慈禧的統治行為具體論述、個別分析，以期對慈禧的統治刻畫出更為深刻的輪廓。再者，以兩位華人女企業家為例，比較慈禧與她們兩位的管理方式究竟有何異同之處，以及慈禧的統治行為在現代管理學上是否有可借鏡之處，並藉此驗證其他女性管理者是否具有類似的特質，歸納分析出女性管理者在管理上的優劣。;This research examines the ruling of Empress Dowager Ci-Xi and how she led China to weather through difficult times in late Qing Dynasty, based on the periods, events and related people she experienced, and from the perspective of modern management. First, this study reviews the literature on the theories of management, human resources, leadership and corporate governance, trying to explore the ruling behavior of Ci-Xi from the viewpoint of management science. Moreover, to depict the ruling of Ci-Xi with deeper contour, we chronologically explore the ruling behavior of Ci-Xi is according to various levels and fields of business management, including crisis management, leadership, power acquisition, human resource policy, financial management, management system, succession plan, etc. Furthermore, two modern Chinese female entrepreneurs are compared with Ci-Xi in their ruling styles to identify the similarities and the differences as well as the advantages of female leadership which modern businesswomen can learn from. |
