| 摘要: | 英語是目前的國際通用語言，學習英語的人口眾多，且在英語學習的過程中需要反覆練習，但是學習者可能會認為感到枯燥，因此有研究利用遊戲式學習的輔助，使學習環境變得輕鬆有趣，進而提高學習成效。在英語學習中，發音也是很重要的一部分，但不論在課程中或課程外都較少有機會進行英語發音練習，自動語音辨識能夠幫助學習者在不尷尬的情況下進行發音練習，從而在學習外語時感到輕鬆，並增強學習成效。因此本研究開發一款結合大型多人線上角色扮演遊戲與英語發音學習之系統『傳奇島冒險』，以MMORPG為基礎進行開發，提供學習者一個擁有自動語音辨識機制的英語發音學習環境。此外，遊戲中的獎章機制提供明確的成就目標，激勵學習者投入學習，努力達成條件獲得獎章，進而提升參與程度和學習成效，雖然先前也有對於有無獎章機制之差異的研究，但較多是使用遊戲化機制或是應用在線上教學平台上，較少有在數位遊戲式學習環境中結合英語發音學習，並且探討有無獎章之差異的研究。因此本研究之系統分為有獎章和無獎章兩個版本的系統，並將英語發音內容結合不同的任務，讓學習者在遊戲式英語發音學習環境中進行任務，同時學習英語單字及句子的發音。本研究旨在探討有無獎章機制的學習者，在遊戲式英語發音學習環境中對英語發音學習成效、遊戲成效、遊戲心流及行為模式之影響，以及各變項之相關性。本研究包含44位學習者，並將其分配至有獎章或無獎章之組別，實驗時間為90分鐘。
實驗結果顯示，使用本研究開發之數位遊戲式學習系統能夠提升學習者的英語發音能力。不論有無獎章機制學習者的發音成效皆有顯著進步，而有獎章組的學習者在例句的發音成效顯著優於無獎章組的學習者，可看出有獎章的學習者的發音成效進步比無獎章的學習者多。
遊戲成效分為學習類、遊戲類和輔助類三類。在學習類方面，有獎章的學習者在開始學習任務次數、學習任務完成次數、口說次數、單次準確率達90%次數、整個學習任務準確率達90%次數和所有任務平均準確率顯著高於無獎章的學習者；在遊戲類方面有獎章的學習者在金幣數量、能力點數和等級明顯高於無獎章組別的學習者；在輔助類方面兩組則無顯著的差異。
在遊戲心流的部分，有獎章組的學生整體心流較高，且有較高的控制和樂趣，但兩者在參與的部分沒有顯著的差別。另外，在相關性部分，發現英語發音學習成效、遊戲成效和遊戲心流之間皆無顯著相關，而大多數的遊戲類遊戲成效和學習類遊戲成效和輔助類遊戲成效呈現正相關；遊戲心流則與部分學習類遊戲成效呈現正相關。
綜上結果顯示，本研究之數位遊戲式英語發音學習環境可以幫助不論有無獎章機制的學習者提升英語發音學習成效，並且數位獎章有助於學習者增加遊戲和學習相關的行為，有效地提升學習者的發音練習次數，進而提高學習者的英語發音準確率。本研究的結果有助於理解有無數位獎章之學習者在遊戲中的成效及行為，本系統對於研究者未來在開發數位遊戲式學習環境時，可以依據不同的獎章機制進行遊戲內容的設計。;English is the current international language. There are many people who learn English, and they need to practice repeatedly in the process of learning English. However, learners may think that they feel boring. Therefore, there are studies using game-based learning to make the learning environment easy and interesting, thereby improving learning performance. In English learning, pronunciation is also a very important part, but there are few opportunities to practice English pronunciation both in and outside the course. Automatic speech recognition can help learners to practice pronunciation without embarrassment, thereby feeling relaxed when learning a foreign language and enhance the learning performance. Therefore, this study developed a system "Legendary Island Adventure" that combined massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and English pronunciation learning. It was developed on the basis of the MMORPG to provide learners with an English pronunciation learning environment with automatic voice recognition mechanism. In addition, the badge mechanism in the game provides clear achievement goals, encourages learners to invest in learning, and strive to achieve the conditions to obtain badges, thereby improving the degree of engagement and learning performance. Although there have been previous studies on the difference between whether or not the badge mechanism is available, they are mostly used on the gamification mechanism or the application of online teaching platforms, there are few studies that combine English pronunciation learning in a digital game-based learning environment and explore the difference between whether there are badges or not. Therefore, the system of this study was divided into two versions of systems with badges and without badges, and combined English pronunciation content with different tasks, allowing learners to perform tasks in a game-based English pronunciation learning environment while learning pronunciation of English words and sentences. This study aimed to investigate the effects of learners with or without badge mechanisms on English pronunciation performance, gaming performance, gaming flow experience and behavioral patterns in a game-based English pronunciation learning environment, and the correlation of various variables. The study included 44 learners, who were assigned to the badge or non-badge group. The experiment time was 90 minutes.
The results showed that the digital game-based learning system developed by this study improved learners′ English pronunciation skills. The pronunciation performance of learners with or without the badge mechanism improved significantly, and the pronunciation performance of the learners in the badge group was significantly better than the learners in the non-badge group. It can be seen that the pronunciation performance of learners with badges improved more than that of learners without badges.
Game performance was divided into three categories: learning, gaming and assistance. In terms of learning, the learners with badges had significant starting learning tasks, learning tasks completion times, speaking times, a single accuracy rate of 90%, the entire learning task accuracy rate of 90%, and the average accuracy rate of all tasks, which was higher than the learners without badges. The learners with badges in the gaming category were significantly higher in the number of gold coins, ability points and levels than the learners without badges. In the assistance category, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
In the part of gaming flow, the students in the badge group had higher overall flow, and had higher control and fun, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the part of engagement. In addition, in the correlation part, it was found that there was no significant correlation between the English pronunciation learning performance, the gaming performance and the gaming flow. The mostly gaming performance of gaming category were positively related to the gaming performance of learning category and gaming performance of assistance category. Gaming flow was positively correlated with the performance of some gaming performance of learning category.
The above results showed that the digital game-based English pronunciation learning environment in this study can help learners with or without a badge mechanism improve their English pronunciation learning performance, and digital badges can help learners increase game and learning-related behaviors, effectively improving the number of pronunciation practice of learners, thereby improving the learner’s English pronunciation accuracy. The results of this study are helpful to understand the performance and behavior of learners with or without badges in the game. This system allows researchers to design game content based on different medal mechanisms when developing a digital game-based learning environment in the future. |
