| 摘要: | 自1918年西班牙流感爆發以來，2020年COVID-19爆發是最嚴重的大流行。普遍認為這只是醫療問題，其實是有非常嚴重的影響，發展為城市封鎖與製造業供應鏈受到嚴重影響的狀態。特別是，除了嚴重的肺炎之外，自2018年以來還發生了中美貿易戰。儘管似乎這兩種力量相互競爭，但實際上，生產比例正在逐步調整，不再集中在一個國家，並影響了供應鏈的配置。在這種衝擊下，台商如何調整其供應鏈配置，尤其是庫存策略來應對？
本研究採用質性研究的深度訪談法，並通過札根理論進行數據分析，提取結果。目的是了解在流行病影響帶來之不確定性情況下，台商如何審視和調整在過去幾十年中被廣泛接受的精實生產。
過去，製造商保持適當的庫存水平，以作為應對環境不確定性的緩衝。但是，在過去的幾十年中，隨著資訊技術的演進，已經從庫存轉移到了更有效的精實生產方法。在發生衝擊的情況下，如果沒有足夠的緩衝，將無法維持供應鏈原物料的流動，從而導致生產中斷。
這項研究揭示了一些有趣的結果。首先，目前，台商通常採用精實生產。在最近環境變化下，生產變得不穩定，甚至面臨生產線停工或工廠關閉的。這導致對精實生產進行重新檢驗。其次，為了應對由環境因素引起的這些不確定性，回頭採行較高庫存或餘裕資源，作為緩衝來對應不確定性並穩定生產。;The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has been the most serious pandemic since the Spanish flu in 1918. What the public thought to be just a medical problem, turns out to have a much severe impact, developing into a status where cities ware shut down and manufacturing supply chains were seriously affected. In particular, in addition to the severe pneumonia, there is also the Sino-US trade war since 2018. Although it seems that the two forces are competing, in fact, the proportion of production is gradually adjusted and no longer concentrated in a single country, and affected the configuration of the supply chain. Under the impact, how can Taiwanese companies adjust their supply chain configuration, in particular, the inventory strategy, to respond?
This research adopts the in-depth interview method of qualitative research, and extracts the results through data analysis through Grounded Theory. The objective is to understand how, under the huge uncertainty brought about by the impact of the epidemic, Taiwanese manufacturers review and adjust the lean production practices that have been widely accepted in the past decades.
In the past, manufacturers kept an appropriate level of inventories, as a buffers to cope with environmental uncertainties. However, over the past few decades, along with the advent of information technologies, they have moved away from inventory, and adopt the more efficient lean production approach. In the event of an impact, without sufficient buffers, some of them cannot maintain the flow of goods along the supply chain, resulting in production interruptions.
This study reveals a few interesting results. First, currently, Taiwanese manufacturers generally adopts the lean production approach. Under recent environmental changes, production has become unstable, even facing production line stoppage, or factory closures. This results in reexamination of the lean production practice. Second, in order to cope with these uncertainties arising from environmental factors, some of the slowly creeping back to keep higher levels of inventory, or slack resources, to buffer from the uncertainties and stabilize productions. |
