| 摘要: | 本研究採用質性訪談方法，針對南庄地區賽夏族與客家族群通婚下一代「雙族群身分者」的族群身分選擇與族群文化認同進行研究。研究發現，由於家庭經濟或原住民權益保障等因素，受《原住民身分法》影響，雙族群身分者可能透過父母作為代理人，選擇以父母一方之原住民姓氏進行原住民身份登記。值得注意的是，客父原母的下一代在日常生活中大多以客家文化為主，對客家身分有較強的文化認同感，這可能導致他們對族群身分產生困惑，需要積極介入以解釋身分議題。相對而言，原父客母的家庭由於社會對父系身分的認同較為明確，較不容易陷入族群文化認同的困境。然而，他們可能在離開原生家庭後，在學習或工作場域無法找到族群語言的學習或是用場域，導致族群文化的學習產生斷裂，顯示族群身分認定並非只是族群身分的標籤，而是與族群的文化認同建構有密切關係。
再者，透過分析擁有雙族群身分者的生命經驗，本研究發現家庭、學校和生活環境的文化氛圍建構對其族群身分認定有重大影響，尤其受到社會對於族群文化的刻板印象影響，族群身分認定間接地影響了族群文化的認同建構。雙族群身分者因為族群政策的影響在族群文化的學習上較為重視，但也無法忽略因生計和族群文化流失所帶來的族群文化傳承問題。透過分析研究參與者的世代來看，雙族群身分者在族群文化認同上受到族群文化流失的影響，轉向以飲食與祭儀作為重要的認同因素，取代語言成為主要的文化認同方式。這顯示出在族群文化流失的情況下，因著族群政策的推廣、社群媒介的變化，族群文化的傳遞場域有別於以往，透過跨場域的文化傳遞，將有助於族群文化的能見度。
綜言之，從族群身分認定和族群文化認同兩方面觀察，雙族群身分者的族群身分認同受外部影響因素和個人生活經驗影響，呈現出動態變化。同時，雙族群身分者在建構族群身分時，受日常生活中的族群文化氛圍影響，族群身分的認定不一定伴隨著文化認同，但文化認同卻有助於族群身分的建構。因此，對族群身分認同的理解應考慮多元的影響因素，以更全面地理解雙族群身分者對於族群身分建構的過程及呈現的樣貌。
;This research uses qualitative interviews to explore the ethnic identity choice and ethnic cultural identity of children from intermarriages between the Saisiyat and the Hakka, known as “bi-ethnic individuals” in Nanzhuang. Due to factors such as family economics and the protection of Indigenous rights, and influenced by the “Indigenous Peoples Status Act”, bi-ethnic individuals may have their Indigenous status registered by using the Indigenous surname of one of their parents, who act as their representatives. Notably, children of Hakka fathers and Indigenous mothers predominantly embrace Hakka culture in their everyday life, resulting in a strong cultural affiliation with the Hakka identity. When ethnic identity recognition and cultural identity differ, it may lead to confusion about their ethnic identity, necessitating proactive measures to address identity issues. In contrast, families with an Indigenous father and a Hakka mother face fewer challenges regarding ethnic identity recognition and cultural identity because mainstream society tends to regard the father’s ethnic identity as that of the next generation. However, these individuals may encounter difficulties in learning or using their native language outside their home environment, disrupting cultural transmission. This highlights that ethnic identity is intricately linked to the construction of cultural identity, rather than being just a label.
In addition, this study brings attention to the difficulties bi-ethnic individuals encounter in preserving their cultural identity. The cultural dynamics within family, school, and living environments have a substantial impact on how their ethnic identity is acknowledged. Societal prejudices towards ethnic cultures also play an indirect role in shaping ethnic cultural identity. The issue of cultural inheritance for bi-ethnic individuals is impacted not only by ethnic policies but also by challenges such as livelihood issues and cultural loss. In examining the generational perspectives of participants, the study finds that bi-ethnic individuals, influenced by cultural loss, emphasize food and rituals as significant identity markers, replacing language as the primary mode of cultural recognition. The passage suggests that in situations where there is cultural loss, the implementation of ethnic policies and changes in community media can create new opportunities for the transmission of culture, thereby increasing the visibility of ethnic cultures.
In summary, when examining both ethnic identity recognition and cultural identity, it becomes clear that the ethnic identity of bi-ethnic individuals is continuously influenced by external factors and personal life experiences. These individuals are significantly impacted by the cultural environment they experience in their everyday life as they construct their ethnic identity. While ethnic identity recognition may not always align with cultural identity, cultural identity plays a major role in shaping ethnic identity. Therefore, in order to fully understand the process and expression of ethnic identity formation among bi-ethnic individuals, it is essential to consider various influencing factors. |
