| 摘要: | 中國經濟的持續發展帶動了成品油的巨大需求，隨著成品油市場對外資企業的全面放開，國外石油公司紛紛湧入中國市場，打破了中石油和中石化兩大巨頭壟斷經營的格局。成品油市場內部的競爭因此變得愈來愈激烈，整體佈局不合理、儲運設施較為落後、銷售中間環節過多、資訊化程度低等問題較為突出，如果想在這麼激烈的環境中仍能佔有一席之地，就必須集中發揮自身在市場競爭中的優勢構建石化供應鏈物流體系，提高物流管理水準，提高市場競爭力，這也是中石化提高企業競爭能力的重要途徑。因此構建和完善石化供應鏈物流體系具有重要的理論和實踐意義，而石化供應鏈物流管理中重要研究領域和熱點是成品油物流運輸、倉儲及配送優化問題。本論文以此為背景展開研究。
本論文首先研究動機與背景，研究問題與目的，介紹了本文的主要研究內容及其採用的主要研究方法，提出了中石化成品油供應鏈物流系統的研究框架。其次，基於供應鏈和物流相關基礎理論，概括了供應鏈管理、物流管理、物流系統、庫存及配送理論以及資訊管理理論，參考閱讀國內外相關文獻，分析了中石化成品油供應鏈物流體系的影響子系統--運輸、庫存、配送和資訊子系統，指出了成品油供應鏈物流體系構建的四個子系统應該包括運輸子系統、倉儲子系統、配送子系統以及資訊子系統的構建。
本論文採用文獻研究、系統分析、運籌學相關方法定性與定量相結合、理論研究與實證分析，重點研究和構建了基於成品油運輸、倉儲、配送和資訊子系統的供應鏈物流優化模型，並且在中石化廣東湛江分公司進行實證研究，著重分析分公司的配送體系，結合物流配送的模式及其適用條件，對成品油的配送業務流程進行優化，提出優化方案。
本論文最後得出研究結論及贡献
1）分别用网络最短路法对成品油运输路径进行优化
分析了成品油各种运输方式的特点，结合成品油运输流程及成品油运输方式选择的基本原则，及我国成品油运输系统存在的问题，构建了运输系统优化模型。
2）确定成品油配送渠道和模式 ，成品油配送每对节点间的行驶路线应避免依靠经验判断的做法，有时基于安全性考虑会选择路况较好的道路，但路线并非最优，应采取定量计算的方法，以最小费用为目标，通过WinQSB软件可求出每对节点间的最短路，构建了成品油配送优化模型，作为实际行驶过程的参考。
3）构建成品油物流信息系统
从策略和管理优化两个角度分析了成品油物流信息系统的构建。
本研究通過成品油供應鏈物流體系四個子系统的模型建立及優化，能夠降低中石化成品油供應鏈物流的成本與物流費用，提高整個石化供應鏈的效率，對中石化廣東湛江分公司實施供應鏈物流體系優化具有一定的參考價值。
;The sustained development of China′s economy has raised the huge demand for refined oil. With the comprehensive release of foreign enterprises in the refined oil market, foreign oil companies have poured into the Chinese market, breaking the pattern of the two major giants of PetroChina and Sinopec. As a result, the competition in the internal part of the oil product market has become more and more intense, the overall situation is unreasonable, after the implementation of the store, too much in the sale, the low degree of information and other issues are prominent. If you want to still have a place in such a fierce environment, you must concentrate on building logistics system, improve the level of logistics management, and improve the ability of market competition. This is also an important way for Sinopec to improve its ability to compete. Therefore, it has important theoretical theory and practical meaning to build and perfect petrochemical supply and response logistics system, and the important research field and hot point in petrochemical supply and response logistics management are the problem of product oil logistics transportation, logistics store and distribution. This paper is based on this background to expand the study..
Based on the analysis of the present situation and existing problems of Sinopec product oil supply chain logistics system, combined with supply chain, logistics system theory, logistics management theory, product oil inventory, distribution theory and information management theory, this paper discusses the necessity of Sinopec constructing modern product oil supply chain logistics system, and analyzes the connotation, characteristics and logistics elements of product oil supply chain logistics system. The construction principle of product oil supply chain logistics system is worked out. by establishing the modern logistics concept, the transportation system, inventory system, distribution system and information system of product oil supply chain logistics are constructed respectively. Finally, taking Zhanjiang Branch of Sinopec as an example, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the logistics distribution system of Sinopec.
Firstly, the dissertation expounds the research motivation and background, the research problems and the purpose of this paper, introduces the main research contents and the main research methods used in this paper, and puts forward the research framework of Sinopec product oil supply chain logistics system.
Secondly, through the literature review, starting from the theoretical basis of the product oil supply chain logistics system, this paper summarizes the supply chain, supply chain management, logistics system theory, logistics management theory, inventory and distribution theory and information management theory, and discusses the application and reference of each theory in the product oil supply chain logistics.
Thirdly, the necessity of constructing product oil supply chain logistics system is analyzed, the connotation of product oil supply chain logistics system is put forward, and the characteristics of Sinopec product oil supply chain logistics system are summarized, which are systematic, virtual, cooperative, dynamic, information and green, and the construction principles of product oil supply chain logistics system are worked out. Finally, it is pointed out that the research of logistics system of product oil supply chain should include the construction of transportation subsystem, warehousing subsystem, distribution subsystem and information subsystem.
Fourthly, the dissertation introduces main means of transportation and their own characteristics, analyzes how to choose transportation ways at different situations, constructs oil logistics system through mathematical modeling, optimizes the transportation route according the shortest path network model.
Fifthly, the dissertation analyzes the principles and decision making process of selecting oil depot, introduces some methods about how to select oil depot. According to analyze the main problem and the management strategy of oil depot, the dissertation brings forward the oil inventory model, and puts forward the optimization program and quantitative evaluation of the oil inventory management.
Sixthly, the dissertation summarizes the connotation and characteristics of logistics distribution in Sinopec product supply chain, analyzes the status of oil distribution, bring forward the existing problem in China′s oil distribution system. By analyzing the types, forms and channels of the oil distribution, the dissertation puts forward some models of oil distribution and their applying conditions, finally optimizes the oil products distribution business processes.
Seventhly, the dissertation constructs the information system of Sinopec product oil supply chain logistics, analyzes the practical significance and necessity of building product oil supply chain logistics information system, then puts forward some tactics on how to optimize the system.
Finally, this paper summarizes and draws the conclusion that through the establishment and optimization of the four dimensions of the product oil supply chain logistics system, the cost and logistics cost of Sinopec refined oil supply chain logistics can be reduced, and the efficiency of the whole petrochemical supply chain can be improved. at the end of this paper, some suggestions for the future research of this paper are put forward. |
