| 摘要: | 日常生活中隨處可見不同行業的工作者在工作，從中學習知識和技能，並且展現與眾不同的工作智慧（working intelligence）。當前已有許多用以了解這些工作者在工作中學習的學理視角，例如：師徒制（apprenticeship）和合法周邊參與（legitimate peripheral participation）能有助於了解工作者是如何在師傅或老手的陪伴下從中學習和參與。不過，這樣的學理主張，卻無法全然解釋那些沒有師傅或老手引導下的工作者之學習，以及他們所萌發的工作智慧。
本研究則採用情境認知（situated cognition）的觀點和LPP中的「言談」概念作為理論視角，探究一間早餐店裡的工作智慧。本研究以一間傳統早餐店作為研究田野，透過參與觀察與訪談，以了解早餐店老闆和老闆娘在不同工作情境中所發展的工作智慧。研究結果有三：首先，老闆和老闆娘先前在麵包店當學徒的歷練成為日後經營早餐店的養分；其次，工作中的細緻手部動作、為解決情境問題而使用的器具和物品，以及與客人的閒話家常，皆是老闆和老闆娘獨特的工作智慧；第三，指出早餐店的工作情境中，那些形塑老闆和老闆娘的工作智慧之情境線索。在輔以理論的詮釋下，本研究呈現並指出早餐店裡，那些看似平凡的學習現象中的不凡之處，其具體貢獻有三：首先，工作者展現的身體舉動涉及當下情境，充滿細節且具有意義；其次，工作者所使用的器具並非獨立存在，而是具有情境性的特徵；第三，店家與顧客間的關係，會依循當下的情境線索，而有增進彼此關係的機會。
;In daily life, workers from different occupations can be seen working everywhere, learning knowledge and skills from their work, and demonstrating unique working intelligence. There have already been several theoretical perspectives used to delineate how these workers learn through work. For instance, Apprenticeship and Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP) help illustrate how workers learn and participate with the guidance of a master or old-timer. However, these theoretical claims fail to completely explain the learning phenomenon of workers without guidance of a master or old-timer, as well as the working intelligence they develop.
This study adopts the perspective of situated cognition and the concept of "Discourse" in LPP as the theoretical perspectives to explore the working intelligence in a breakfast shop. Choosing a Chinese-style breakfast shop as the research field, the study aims to visualize the working intelligence developed by the breakfast shop owner and his wife in different working situations through participant observation and interviews. Three findings are included in this study. First, the experience of the owner and his wife as apprentices in a bakery became the nourishment for their later operation of the breakfast shop. Second, the delicate hand movements in their work, the tools and items used to solve situational problems, and the casual conversations with customers are all unique working intelligence of the owner and his wife. Third, the situational clues that shape the working intelligence of the owner and his wife in the working situation of the breakfast shop are pointed out. With the interpretation of the theory, this study highlights the extraordinary aspects of seemingly ordinary learning phenomena in breakfast shops. Three specific contributions are made in this study. First, the bodily movements behaved by workers involve the immediate situation, filled with details and meaning. Second, the tools used by workers are not independent. Instead, they have situational characteristics. Third, the relationship between the shop owner and customers can be enhanced according to the immediate situational clues. |
