摘要： This study aims to bring card-based design into education. A mobile application called “English Practice” has been developed wherein a card-based interface named PACARD (Personalize Adaptive CARD-based interface) was implemented. This interface has a flexible design so as to be compatible with various types of mobile devices thus overcoming the small screen challenge. In this study, we use PACARD to evaluate the effectiveness of card-based design on personalized adaptive mobile learning. An empirical study was conducted among 2774 online users for three months to evaluate PACARD's effect on engaging active recall, thus, enhancing memory retention. We also observed how our adaptive mechanism meets user preference. In terms of memory retention and users' preference in PACARD, it results in better retention and it also enabled the learning items to be more appealing to the users as the users related to their own learning progress. •Proposes and evaluates PACARD that provides learning material in the adaptive way.•PACARD can create a flexible layout for mobile devices and varying screen sizes.•PACARD results better learning outcomes and longer user retention.•PACARD has great potential to be applied widely in the future. 出版者： Elsevier Ltd 出版日期： 2016-07 出處： Computers and education, 2016-07, Vol.98, p.142-156 資源來源： ScienceDirect Journals: Hunter Collection 版權： 2016 Elsevier Ltd 識別號： ISSN: 0360-1315 識別號： EISSN: 1873-782X 識別號： DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.014
