| 摘要: | 台商在大陸投資型態,已逐漸由勞力密集型轉向資本與技術密集型產業,且投資規模也愈來愈大。而目前大陸市場,外有面臨外資大量進入中國,內有當地中小企業的興起,如何提高其競爭優勢,成為現階段台商所面臨的重大挑戰。因此台商母公司如何有效的移轉資源、技術及知識至大陸子公司,以提高其營運績效,為本研究所關心的議題。 有別於先前之研究,其或著重於整合性架構、或只注重單一因素探討知識移轉成效之因素,較少以偶對層次因素(組織文化、知識差異、信任程度)探討影響知識移轉效果之研究。本研究即以此三項偶對層次因素探討其對台商母子公司間知識移轉效果之影響,主要探討有三,其一、探討台商母公司與大陸子公司間之組織文化差異程度對知識移轉的效果。其二、探討台商母公司與大陸子公司間之知識差異程度對知識移轉的效果。其三、探討台商母公司與大陸子公司間之信任程度對知識移轉的效果。 本研究所研究母體為製造業之台商直接至大陸投資之子公司。問卷調查對象以台灣電子電機同業公會所出版之採購指南(2002/2003)及經濟部投審會公開上市公司中國大陸投資(2003)為抽樣主體。本問卷共回收135個樣本,並利用階層迴歸分析方法,最後研究結果:1.科技產業在知識移轉效果上優於傳統產業。2.發現偶對層次因素,組織文化差異程度愈小、知識差異程度差異愈小、信任程度愈高,對台商母子公司間知識移轉效果均產生正向的影響。3.本研究也同時發現組織文化差異對台商母子公司間知識移轉效果的影響力是最大,其次為知識基礎差異,影響力最小的為信任程度。 Investment styles in Chinese subsidiaries of Taiwanese firms gradually transform from labor-intensed industries into capital-intensed and technology-intensed industries. In addition, the scale of investment has grown bigger than before. Currently, on one hand there are considerable foreign investments entering the Chinese market. On the other hand middle and small-sized firms are growing within Chinese market. How to promote the competitive advantage is a big challenge for Taiwanese firms in the present stage. Therefore, how to effectively transfer resources, skills and knowledge to subsidiaries in Mainland China for Taiwanese firms to enhance operational performance is the major concern of this research. While different from prior researches, some researchers have focused almost exclusively on integrative frameworks and others have focused merely on single dimension about the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. Few studies were found that making use of the dyadic factors, including organization culture, knowledge gap and the degree of trust, to probe the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. This research adopts 3 dyadic factors to study the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. There are three major objectives for this research: First, to probe the effect factor about the degree of culture discrepancy to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between parent firms in Taiwan and subsidiaries in Mainland China. Second, to probe the effect factor about the degree of knowledge gap to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between parent firms in Taiwan and subsidiaries in Mainland China. Finally, to probe the effect factor about the degree of trust to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between parent firms in Taiwan and subsidiaries in Mainland China. The population of our survey consisted of Chinese subsidiaries of Taiwanese firms that have direct investment and built establishments in Mainland China. We targeted our samples to manufacturing industries that consisted of two major sources, including the Buyers’ Guide 2002/2003 published by the Taiwan Electrical and Electronic Manufactures’ Association and the publicly Traded Firms’ China Investment Directory 2003 issued by the Investment Commission of Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan. Among 135 respondent companies, we found that information technology industry is superior to traditional industry in the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. In addition, the dyadic factors, including the smaller the degree of culture gap, knowledge gap and the higher that of trust between parent firms and subsidiaries, were positively related to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. Finally, among 3 dyadic factors, the most powerful effect factor to the effectiveness of knowledge transfer between parent firms and subsidiaries is culture gap and the next is knowledge gap. The smallest one is trust. |
