在高科技產業中，技術儼然成為競爭優勢的重要因素之一，但在全球化的趨勢下，產業內之競爭越趨激烈，技術發展亦不斷加速，企業研發新技術之成本與風險逐漸提高，因此在此背景下藉由外部技術取得方式快速獲取技術更顯重要。而在台灣在高科技產業的發展過程中，一直扮演著快速技術追隨者的角色，如何利用有限資源取得有效技術便是一個重要的研究議題。Cohen and Levinthal（1990）提出了吸收能力（Absorptive Capacity），認為企業在研發上之投入，不僅是為了創新，亦是為了發展與維持能力，以利企業去辨認、吸收與使用外部環境的知識，因此當企業自身研發能力越高時，其越容易吸收外部環境之知識與技術，本研究便根據吸收能力的基礎，從資源基礎的觀點出發，進一步探討企業之資源與技術能力多寡，對於外部技術獲取模式選擇上之影響。 本研究以台灣、南韓與日本三國1985年至2004年間電子產業進行技術獲取事件為樣本，利用USPTO（美國商標暨專利局）之專利資料庫與SDC Platinum之策略聯盟資料庫作為本研究之數據組合，研究從技術接收者的技術能力、企業規模、過去技術獲取經驗以及核心技術相關性四構面對於技術授權、研發合作與合資協議三種外部技術獲取模式上產生何種影響。 本研究樣本組合共有240筆資料.，使用三組Logit regression判斷技術授權與研發合作之差異、研發合作與合資協議之差異以及技術授權與合資協議之差異。研究最後發現，企業之技術能力與過去技術獲取經驗對於決定使用技術授權抑或研發合作上產生顯著差異，但對於研發合作與合資判斷上，則是企業規模與雙方核心技術相關性有顯著差異，此外技術授權與合資協議的判斷上，則是技術能力呈現顯著水準。藉由實證結果可知企業本身所擁有之技術能力高低確實對於技術獲取模式選擇上產生影響，當技術能力越高時，不需要技術提供者協助下，僅以授權方式便可達到技術獲取之目的。由此可知企業在進行技術獲取決策時，衡量自身能力乃為選擇不同技術獲取模式之基礎。 Technology has become one of the important factors affecting the competitive advantages of the high-tech firms. Enterprises are facing ever increasing competitive pressures. They need to gain new market information and knowledge to remain competitive. A commonly adopted strategy is to develop networks with other enterprises and utilize the external resources. Cohen and Levinthal (1990) has proposed the concept of “Absorptive Capacity”, who consider the input of enterprises in R&D are not merely to innovate, but also to develop and maintain the ability of absorbing and utilizing the knowledge from external resources. This research is to investigate, based on the “absorb capacity” concept, how the resources and technological abilities of the enterprises influence the options of the enterprises’ external knowledge acquisition. This paper studied the incidents of the technology acquisition in the electronic industry of Taiwan, South Korea and Japan from 1985 to 2004. Two databases, the strategic alliance of SDC Platinum and the patent database of USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) were used in this study. This research discussed the relationship between the mode of external technology acquisition and the enterprise’s resources. The analysis in this study suggested that the enterprises’ technology ability and the experiences of technology acquisition had significant effects on technology licensing and R&D cooperative. It was also found that the level of enterprises’ technological ability really influenced the choice of technology acquisition mode. The more technological ability a enterprise has, the easier it absorb the external technology, such as technology licensing, under the condition of that it does not need technology provider to help. Finally, the results of study suggest that enterprises should determine the acquisition mode based on their own resources and technological abilities.
