知識已經逐漸取代了傳統的土地與資金，成為企業最重要的資產，然而知識本身無法創造價值，必須透過組織成員之間的分享及利用才能產生效益，因此知識分享遂成為企業創造競爭優勢的重要來源，亦是個人與組織知識創新和管理的成功關鍵因素之一。本研究旨在探討過去知識分享文獻所研究的各種知識分享模式，依研究目的，以彙總分析法來歸納與分析相關知識分享文獻的階段性成果。 針對本研究所蒐集的九篇知識分享文獻來進行資料分析後，發現結果如下：第一，礙於知識分享過程中的障礙因素，知識接收者的影響未被充分探討。第二，分享環境與組織文化對知識分享的影響至關重要。第三，計劃行為理論與社會交換理論適合用來探討知識分享模式。第四，資訊通訊科技在知識分享過程中扮演不可或缺的角色。本研究的結果，除了歸納分析過去知識分享的階段性成果之外，更有助於知識分享研究的累積。 While “knowledge” is recognized as an important asset for organizations, its value can only be realized through intensive sharing among organizational members. Knowledge sharing is thus an essential source of organizational advantage and is also one of the important factors for individuals and organizations to reach the goal of knowledge innovation and successful management. This study aimed to investigate the models of knowledge sharing of previous related literatures. Based on the purposes of study, this study was performed by reviewing these literatures through the method of meta- analysis and their fruitful results are generalized and analyzed. After analyzing nine collected literatures related to knowledge sharing, the results are presented as follows. First, the effects upon knowledge receivers are not fully studied because of the barriers between knowledge carrier and knowledge receiver in knowledge sharing models. Second, the environment for knowledge sharing and the culture of organizations are crucial to knowledge sharing. Third, theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social exchange theory are suitable for investigating knowledge sharing models. Forth, information and communication technology (ICT) is essential to knowledge sharing. These findings and their implications are also discussed.
