| 摘要: | 由於我國的潔淨再生能源效率不彰，且為了環境保護與經濟成長，因此核能對我國而言則變成一個潔淨能源的選項。且核能發電乃無碳能源，因此它會是我國未來達到京都議定書之減碳目標的一個手段。關於核能發電的整個系統中，我國核能後端處理的逆向供應鏈部分並沒有取得民眾相對的信賴，以致於目前仍無法設置低放射廢棄物的處置地點；而用過核燃料等高放射性廢棄物於我國核能電廠內有即將額滿的貯存量問題。故本研究認為我國必須解決核能發電逆向供應鏈系統中的放射性廢棄物的管理問題。 本研究採取次級資料研究法來蒐集各種不同管道的資料、文獻，希望所呈現的資料能夠客觀地描述事實；本研究亦透過專家訪談法和參加座談會，此舉可針對本研究之問題，以得到更完整的資料證據。 本研究發現，美國若願意協助鬆綁台美民用原子能合作協定法規與美國聯邦法放射性廢料進出管制，那將會是台灣核能發展絕佳的第一步。此外，若有國家願意提供他國核燃料再循環的服務，我國則考量以尋求區域合作之距離和安全因素，可選擇日本進行跨國用過核子燃料再處理作業之合作；另外亦可與過去長期合作的法商AREVA簽訂核燃料循環合作協定。我國現階段應該盡速汰舊換新核能機組設備，可將用過核燃料當中的鈽元素及超鈾原素進行再循環或燃燒殆盡，此舉將有助於解決用過核燃料與廢棄物處置之衍生問題。我國核能相關機構未來應提升核能資訊的透明度，以便尋求與民眾達成共識的可能性，並建置國內低放最終處置之場址。再者，由於我國地處環太平洋地震帶上，並不符合設置高放射性廢棄物之最終處置設施的條件，故尋求跨國核能循環合作，並同時配合全球核能夥伴計劃（GNEP）的合作計劃，除了可防止核武擴散，還可解決國內高放射廢棄物堆積的問題。 As a result of renewable energy inefficiently in our country, and to environmental protection and economic growth, the nuclear energy is a clean energy alternative for us. And it is widely known that nuclear power generation is carbon-free energy, which is an important alternative to arrive the Kyoto Protocol target. About nuclear power generation system, the back end division is relative lack of public trust. In the present, Taiwan still never set up in low-radiation waste disposal sites. And there are issues of storage capacity about the spend nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants. The purpose of this study is to solve the radioactive waste management problems of the back end division of nuclear power generation system. In this study, I hope to describe the facts objectively by using secondary research method to collect information and documentation of different channels. I also interview with experts by letters and participate in the forum, which will obtain more complete evidence for this study. From this research, if United States is willing to loose the AIT-TECRO Agreement of Civil Nuclear Cooperation and EXPORT AND IMPORT OF NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL, it would be the first step for Taiwan's nuclear energy development. In addition, we could infer that as long as some countries are willing to provide the services of uranium enrichment and fuel recycling and we would seek regional cooperation of Japan to deal with spend nuclear fuel. On the other hand, we could sign a cooperation agreement of nuclear fuel cycle with AREVA of long-standing cooperation. Now we should be as soon as possible replace nuclear power equipment at this stage, which can be used for process nuclear fuel recycling and burning out all high-level radioactive waste. Regarding the management of radioactive waste, we not only have to continue to minimize the amount of the waste, but also to enhance information transparency to seek consensus with local civic and build waste disposal sites in the future. Furthermore, as locating in the Circum-Pacific seismic belt, Taiwan is not a suitable place for high-level radioactive disposal facilities in the long run. Therefore, seeking the tansnational energy cycle cooperation with the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) program is necessary. These activities contribute to assist non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and also solve the accumulated problem of high-level radioactive waste at the same time. |
