| 摘要: | 近年來，隨著社會大眾對於環境保護及人類永續發展的關注持續增加，綠色管理已成為管理學界探討的主要議題之一。因應綠色管理的趨勢，許多綠色管理方法陸續被提出。綠色管理方法藉由提升資源－－例如水、能源及原料等資源的使用效率，讓公司節省成本，藉由避免汙染環境造成支出增加，且可讓公司因應未來較嚴謹的環保法規時，所需增加的成本降到最低。製造業是造成溫室效應氣體排放、自然資源消耗及其他環保問題的主要來源之一。近年來，要求製造業引進綠色管理的聲音越來越大。因此，採用綠色管理方法，降低廢棄物排放，已成為製造業必要的管理手段。本文中，我提出使用於製造業，但被過去文獻中所忽略的三個關鍵的綠色管理方法。此三個方法包括：1.供應鏈管理中考慮二氧化碳排放之社會成本的模式；2.將環境影響納入技術鑑價評估的架構；3.橋接消費者對綠色產品的期待及實際使用後感受之間的落差的架構。我也分別提出案例說明這三個方法的應用。第一個方法中，我提出一個協助決策者同時考慮供應鏈操作成本及二氧化碳排放社會成本的數學模式，此模式可成為策略性決策工具－同時考慮供應鏈操作成本，及操作時產生的二氧化碳所造成的社會成本。第二個方法中，我提出同時考慮經濟和環境因素的技術鑑價評估架構，此架構可做為公司決策者及技術鑑價人員有益的參考，讓他們在保有經濟利益的需求下，採取降低污染的技術。最後一個方法，我採用SERVQUAL的概念發展一個衡量存在於顧客對綠色產品的期望及感受之間落差幅度的綠色產品工具。我應用此工具衡量顧客對於綠色資訊產品的期待及用後感受之間的落差幅度，發現顧客對於綠色資訊產品的確存在期待與感受之間的落差。綠色產品的供應商可應用此工具，衡量顧客對於產品的期待及感受之間的落差幅度，並且改善落差幅度較大的項目，以滿足顧客的期待且提升產品的市場佔有率。With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and human beings’ sustainable development, green management debate has become one of the major subjects of management literature in recent years. In response to the trend of green management, many green management approaches have been proposed. Green management approaches allow firms to save money by using resources such as water, energy, and raw materials more ef?ciently, by avoiding expenditures arising from environmental damages, and by minimizing the costs of complying with future legislation. Manufacturing industry is one of the main causes for greenhouse gases emissions, nature resources consumption and other environmental problems. In recent years, the urge for the manufacturing industry to use green management is thus getting louder and louder. It has then become a must for the manufacturing industry to adopt green management approaches in order to reduce environmental wastes emissions. In this study, the author proposes three green management approaches for the manufacturing industry. These three approaches are what have been previously ignored in the research but are, in fact, critical for the manufacturing industry. They help consider the social costs of CO2 emissions in supply chain management, integrate environmental effects into technology evaluation, and bridge the gaps between customers’ expectations and their perceptions of green products. The author also demonstrates these approaches by illustrative cases. In the first approach, the author presents a generic mathematical model considering both the operations costs and the social costs of CO2 emissions to assist decision makers in supply chain management. The proposed model has the potential to become a useful tool that facilitates the understanding of optimal supply chain strategies that consider the social costs of CO2 emissions resulted from operating such a supply chain network. In the second approach, the author provides a framework taking both economic and environmental factors into account in technology evaluation. This framework could serve as a useful point of reference for both firms’ decision makers and technology appraisers where they can adopt a lower polluting technology without sacrificing the needs for economic profits. In the last approach, the author adopts the notion of SERVQUAL to develop a green product instrument for measuring the gaps existed between consumers’ expectations and their perceptions in green products. By means of the proposed instrument, the author find that gaps do exist between customers’ expectations and their perceptions related to green information products. The green products suppliers may use the proposed instrument to assess the differences between customers’ expectations and their perceptions of the green products and improve the items that customers are concerned with, bridge the gaps for fulfilling customers’ expectations, and finally increase the market shares. |
