本研究採用三波段的縱貫研究(three-wave study)探討工作與家庭的雙向增益之前因與其後果。前因是指工作資源(主管支持、工作時間的自主性、非正式工作彈性)、家庭資源(家人支持)與個人特徵資源(自我效能)，而後果則是工作滿意、家庭滿意與個人幸福感。更重要的，本研究亦探討個體自我觀之「互依我」對工作資源、家庭資源與工作－家庭增益(WFE)、家庭－工作增益(FWE)的調節效果。以全職工作者為研究樣本，縱貫三個時間點進行問卷調查，6個月的時間間隔，最初施測發放381份問卷，回收351份有效問卷；最終施測回收的有效問卷為283份，有效回收率為74.3％。 就結構方程模式與階層迴歸分析的研究結果發現：工作資源中的主管支持、個人特徵資源(自我效能)與WFE、FWE有正向關係，家庭資源只與FWE有正向關係。在後果變項上的預測，WFE能預測工作滿意，FWE能預測家庭滿意，而工作滿意與家庭滿意則進一步預測個人幸福感。「互依我」則可以調節工作資源中的主管支持與WFE的關係。最後，針對研究結果提出討論與建議。 The purpose of this three-wave study was to systematically examine antecedents and consequences of work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and family-to-work enrichment (FWE). Antecedents include work resources (supervisory support, flexible leave and work time autonomy) and family resources (family support). Consequences are work satisfaction, family satisfaction, and happiness. The moderating effects of interdependent self were also examined. The data were collected from full-time employees at three different time points each with six months in between. At the end of the study period, 283 participants had data for all three times (overall retention rate of 74.3%). The results based on structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression revealed that (1) work resources (supervisory support) were positively related to WFE and FWE, while family resources (family support) were positively related to FWE. (2)WFE was related to increased work satisfaction, while FWE was related to increased family satisfaction. Both work satisfaction and family satisfaction were positively related to happiness. More importantly, interdependent self enhanced the positive effect of work resources (supervisory support) on WFE. Implications for management and future research are discussed.
