| 摘要: | 由於環境破壞日漸的嚴重，環保議題屢屢被提出討論，也因此企業開始將環境保護的項目融入至供應鏈管理活動中，發展出綠色供應鏈，本研究考量在跨國多廠區、多配銷中心下，其中各廠區可能有不同生產上的限制，以及不同的生產碳排放量，並在顧客變動的需求下，針對產品上的需求、工廠上的能力與產能限制、不同生產工廠與使用不同運輸方式上的碳排放量差異，並使用數學模型規劃，來解決跨國多廠區、多配銷中心與多顧客間的生產與配銷計劃，其中兩點間可有多種運輸方式，目標在達到碳排放量的極小化。
在模型的求解部分，本研究提出一個適用於供應鏈計劃系統SAP-APO之啓發式演算法並以碳排放量最小為目標求解問題，其中根據作業研究之步驟進行問題定義、模型建立，並藉由數值驗證之方式計算出給定資料下的總碳排放量，最後以相同資料輸入至最佳化軟體Lingo求解並與前者做比較，以證明該啟發式演算法對於碳排放量最小的可行性。在比較後得知，由於最佳化軟體嘗試了所有組合，因此能找到比本研究方法更加之解答，也因此得到了不同的生產計劃方法，以及配送計劃方法，但經比較後可得知，總碳排放量的差距僅為2%，尚屬於可接受範圍，且可節省數倍的運算組合，因此該運算方法是可以在節省運算次數下，有效降低碳排放量之方法。
在未來研究方面，由於本研究專注於碳排放量之最小化，忽略了傳統供應鏈所在意的成本，因此未來可加入碳排放權的買賣並考量成本與碳排放間的權衡關係。
;Environmental issues are often discussed because of the increasing environmental damage. So companies began to join the environmental protection′s work into supply chain management of activities, and develop green supply chain. In this study, consider multi-plant in the multinational, multi-distribution center, which the plant may have different production constraints, as well as different production of carbon emissions. In variable customer needs, focus on the product require, plant capacity and capacity constraints, differences in production plant and transportation and carbon emissions. Use mathematical model planning, to solve the production and distribution plans of multi-plant, multi-distribution centers and multi-customer. Between the two points can have a variety of modes of transport, to achieve the goal of minimizing carbon emissions.
In the solution section of the model, this study presents a heuristic algorithm for SAP-APO, which is a supply chain planning system, and aims at solving the problem of minimizing carbon emissions. According to the steps of operation research, the first problem definition, model establishment and then calculate the total carbon emissions under the given data. Finally, using the same data input to the optimization software-Lingo compared with the heuristic algorithm to prove that the heuristic algorithm for the minimum carbon emissions feasibility. After the comparison, it is known that, because the optimization software tries all the combinations so can find the better solution than the present research method. Therefore, we will get different production planning methods and distribution planning methods. But the comparison shows that the total carbon emissions gap is only 2%, is still acceptable range. And can save several times the calculation of the combination, so the calculation method can save the calculation of the number of effective way to reduce carbon emissions.
In future research, this study focuses on the minimization of carbon emissions, ignoring the traditional cost of the supply chain, so the future can be added to carbon emissions trading and consider the trade-off between cost and carbon emissions. |
