| 摘要: | 以性別角度探討轉換型領導者與信任、工作績效、組織公民行為之關聯
中文摘要
隨著時代的變遷，性別之議題逐漸受到社會上的關注，然而，女性基於社會的期待，長期以來，被塑造為應肩負更多的家庭責任，或是應更善於建立情感，而大多時候當提到組織中的高階職位時，並不會聯想到可能是女性擔當其要職。在刻板印象的影響下，可能無意識的在職場中塑造其性不平等的意識，侷限女性在職場中的工作表現，甚至是影響她們探索自己潛能的動機，因為職場中長期以男性主導的情境，可能降低女性爭取機會的可能性。然而，現今女性的教育水準已逐漸普遍，客觀而言，與男性的工作能力應不會差距太多，而在企業中能夠讓女性建立自信心之領導者的角色，便更顯其重要性。
因此，本研究欲探討，以性別做為調節，轉換型領導者與信任、工作績效、組織公民行為之關聯，而透過搜尋相關關鍵字，共搜尋117篇文獻，並將以後設分析法來探討轉換型領導及其三項結果變項之關聯性，及在性別做為調節變項下，將如何影響自變項及依變項之相關程度，而本研究結果發現:
(一) 轉換型領導與信任、工作績效、組織公民行為之關聯皆呈顯著正相關。
(二) 以性別做為調節變項下，轉換型領導與信任、工作績效、組織公民行為之關聯皆呈顯著正相關。
(三) 轉換型領導者影響女性部屬之信任程度高於男性部屬；轉換型領導者影響男性部屬之工作績效及組織公民行為程度高於女性部屬。
關鍵字:轉換型領導、信任、工作績效、組織公民行為、性別、後設分析研究
;Gender as moderator of relationships between trust in leadership, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior:
A meta-analysis and literature review.
Abstract
Gender issue has changed with time, and gradually launched attention from the public. However, according to expectations of society, women have long been portrayed as taking more family responsibilities or being better at establishing relationships. In many cases, when it comes to high-level positions in the organization, women are not supposed to act in key positions. Under the influence of stereotypes, employees may unconsciously shape awareness of gender inequality in the workplace, confining women’s job performance, or even influence their motivation of exploring potential. Because of male-dominated workplaces, women may reduce the possibility of fighting for opportunities. Nevertheless, nowadays, the level of women’s education achieve is universal access. Objectively, it should not be too much difference between the abilities of men and women. Therefore, the role of leaders, who come to aid of building self-confidence, become important in the organization.
As a result, the study was aim to explore the correlation between transformational leadership, trust in leadership, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior, when the gender is supposed to be a moderator. By searching specific keywords, the study applied 117 research papers to discover the relationship of transformational leadership and three outcomes through meta-analysis. Also, the study explored how the gender, which was supposed to be a moderator, influenced the extension of independent variable and dependent variable’s relationship. The results showed that:
(1)Transformational leadership was positively related to trust in leadership, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior.
(2)As the gender is supposed to be a moderator, transformational leadership was positively related to trust in leadership, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior.
(3)Transformational leader influenced the extension of female subordinates’ trust in leadership higher than male subordinates; transformational leader influenced the extension of male subordinates’ job performance and organizational citizenship behavior higher than female subordinates.
Keywords: transformational leadership, trust in leadership, job performance,organizational citizenship behavior, gender, meta-analysis. |
