本研究以水泥產業為例，在綠色經濟與循環經濟的框架下，考量碳稅、碳權成本， 並以 ESG 指標和企業利潤作為兩大主軸，配合作業成本制(Activity-Based Costing)與限 制理論(Theory of Constraints)來建立企業的生產決策模型，最後利用數學規劃方法求解， 以探討碳稅、碳權成本對 ESG 指標以及企業獲利的影響。本研究之碳稅模型可分為連 續累型進稅率與不連續型累進稅率，此外也考慮到政府可能採取碳排放量免稅額的政 策以及碳權交易。研究結果發現，若要有效地減少碳排放量，碳排放量上限減少，比 起增加碳稅的稅率更為有效。因此，政府若想要快速地控制碳排放量，可以針對碳排 放量上限來制定相關政策，本文所探討的各種碳稅模型也可提供給政府做為建立碳稅 制度的參考。本研究納入 ESG，Environmental(環境保護)、Social(社會責任)、 Governance(公司治理)，一種新型態評估企業的數據與指標，作為研究主軸。許多企業 或投資人會將 ESG 評分，對企業內外做評鑑，企業不僅要有好的財務表現、好的員工 福利與股東權益，還需要承擔更多社會責任，以達到永續經營做為目標。在 2021 年聯 合國氣候變遷大會(COP26)的背景下，全球已有多國提出「2050 淨零排放」的宣示與行 動，各國減碳、永續發展的呼聲與浪潮已無法避免，因此本研究發現資源的循環再利 用、配合政府制定的碳稅、碳權交易制度，可以大大減少溫室氣體的排放，更可以創 造企業的營收，打造環境、經濟的雙贏局面。;This study takes the cement industry as an example, under the framework of green economy and circular economy, considers carbon tax and carbon rights cost, takes ESG indicators and corporate profits as the two main axes, and cooperates with Activity-Based Costing and The Theory of Constraints is used to establish the production decision-making model of the enterprise, and finally, the mathematical programming method is used to solve the problem to explore the impact of the carbon tax and carbon right cost on ESG indicators and corporate profits.The carbon tax model in this study can be divided into continuous progressive tax rate and discontinuous progressive tax rate. In addition, the government may adopt a carbon emission allowance policy and carbon rights trading. The results of the study found that to effectively reduce carbon emissions, reducing the carbon emission cap is more effective than increasing the tax rate of the carbon tax. Therefore, if the government wants to quickly control carbon emissions, it can formulate relevant policies for the upper limit of carbon emissions. The various carbon tax models discussed in this paper can also be provided to the government as a reference for establishing a carbon tax system.This study also includes ESG, (Environmental, Social, and Governance) a new type of data and indicators for evaluating companies, as the research axis. Many companies or investors will use ESG scores to evaluate the inside and outside of the company. Companies not only need to have outstanding financial performance and take good care of employees and shareholders but also need to undertake more social responsibilities to achieve sustainable management as the goal.
